DBS one of largest organisations in financial sector of Asia

DBS one of largest organisations in financial sector of AsiaDBS was launch in 1968 as the bewilder awayment bank of capital of Singapore. Since then, DBS has transformed into a favored financial services institution, offering a comprehensive range of ripe products. In Singapore, the bank occupies market-dominant positions in consumer banking, treasury and markets, asset management, securities brokerage, equity and debt fund-raising. going a mode internationally, the bank has a regional network with more than 200 branches and oer 1,000 ATMs across 50 cities.DBS primary operations atomic number 18 in Singapore and Hong Kong, two of Asias best regulated markets, which contributed 65% and 19% of net earn in 2008 respectively. The bank operates two brands in Singapore DBS and POSB. POSB is a rise up-loved book market franchise that currently has a customer base of oer 3.2 million Singaporeans.As one of the leading banks in Asia, DBS gains a great global workforce of 14,000 sta ffs, representing over 30 nationalities. The bank announced S$6031 million of operating income in 2008. DBS philosophy is to empowering, educating and engaging our staff so as to build a high performance system of rules far-famed for its good customer service and mod condescension solutions.Because of a vast amplitude and complexity in operation as an international largest organization, and variant for an adequate-content theme, it is ineffective to investigate whole aspects of DBS in the effort of implementing acquaintance management. Instead, this report will specify in exploring the DBSs concept and its basic approaches to fundamentals of cognition Management. Key content will focus on identifying fellowship Management march, build Knowledge Management System, Mechanism and Technology, ultimately base. Challenges and benefits gained from implementation process are overly mentioned in the report as well as recommendation and analysis.Throughout years of operation, DB S now sees the depth and significance of Knowledge Management. In its development journey, DBS learnt that this conception must be essentially seen as a vitally minute point, an innovative strategy towards a sustainability business model rather than a diverse and complex hazard. That right and visional centering are now put primarily on one of the semipermanent goals of the organization. Moreover, DBS business is in banking and finance industry where multiplicity of information and cognition is created and updated every hour, the need of Knowledge Management becomes critically essential than ever.To assume with, DBS sees official meetings as an approaching mechanism for fellowship discovery. As the temperament of the business, the need for valuable information which then converted to acquaintance is critical for the bank. This knowledge is defined and explored by neither the interaction between sight in the organization nor just simply synthesized from antecedent data. For instance, there is unendingly a meeting in Sales Department which also has a presence of Branch Manager every Monday morning to revise previous works and orient sales activities for the week. More significantly, Board of Directors and Management mission also arrange official meetings 4 times every behind to undertake a careful overview of decision making in versatile levels and aspects of the organization.Telephone conversation is also applied in the process of knowledge discovery. However it is verbalize that not preferable as DBS determine attend to face conversation where information can be transferred and conveyed in a full meaning of ship canal.To enhance Knowledge discovery, DBS also invested in technology. ane exemplary approach is the development of DBS database. This is an organized collection of data for masses within the organization However, accessibility in sensitive information may not be exposed to every employee. A very utile and beneficial application o f DBSs database is its customer databases. In order to promote loans, risk management, and further observation, DBSs customer database is constructed to record contact, credit, and personal information such as salary, current financial situation. This database is well designed to specifically and easily create, store, bet and retrieve contents which has a great impact in knowledge discovery process.DBS is also aware of the Knowledge Capture and Share process. Practically, the organization promote on the job training under DBS Management colligate Programme. This is an experience-based development offered to new employees. Along the route, they will acquire the most conjecture and chances to decide their career path when experimental learning is gained across incompatible type of roles. By doing this, DBS ensures that organisational knowledge is able to be conveyed and captured.Furthermore, to engage the strength of technology in the process of knowledge capture and sharing, DBS invested warily in figurer-based communication. Each employee in the organization practically has their own computer which is well connected to the rest of the company. Instant message, email, chatroom is promoted in a rigorous manner within the organization to enhance the creation of amicable network and information exchange. Significantly, the organization also has its own server where solo people within the company can access. This server is well managed and develop for human interaction and database warehouse.In DBS, direction of knowledge is also well conveyed. Each employee knows warily the structure of the organization, specifically in their department. By that meaning, the kinship and relative ranks of parts and positions are well determined. Thus, employee would be guided by following the instruction or direction from the top wherever lying-in uncertainty is encountered. Moreover, to promote routine process, DBS sets up organizational policies and work bars for saf ety, health in workplace.A more particular enhancement in Knowledge Application in regard of routine process is the implementation of Enterprise-wide center of attention Credit Risk Policy. This establishes the principles and policies followed by the entire organization to conduct banking and financial activities and operation under specified credit risk management.Significantly, Knowledge Infrastructure is insightfully aware and constructed by DBS from the early stage. Building up adequate and expeditious database within the organization, keeping track with customer information and applying thoroughly technology into workplace are remarkable efforts and practices of DBS to utilize the strength of knowledge.Strong organizational culture is achieved in DBS where every employee is well perceived of the organization values. predilection is made wherever a new employee joins the group to ensure they aspire awareness of DBSs pathway as a world class regional bank, renowned for qualit y, added value, and innovative service at affordable cost to customers and their ways of doing things. Following the orientation, specific goals and standards of behavior are also clearly alleged to lead and guide organizational members to pursue appropriate actions. More remarkably, although promoting a well-built internal culture, DBS acquires good awareness of a phenomenon, Groupthink which is easily implied from strong culture. They understand this incident can result in a reduction of innovative capacity within the organization. In regard of this issue, DBS introduces guidelines, organizational campaign and building feedback centre in order to encourage its employees to strive for creativity and challenges. organizational cultureis an idea in the field oforganizational studiesandmanagementwhich describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. It has been defined as the specific collection of values and norm s that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and withstakeholdersoutside the organization.1This definition continues to explainorganizational values, also known as beliefs and ideas well-nigh what kinds of goals members of an organization should pursue and ideas about the appropriate kinds or standards of behavior organisational members should use to achieve these goals. From organisational values develop organizational norms, guidelines, or expectations that prescribe appropriate kinds of behavior by employees in particular situations and control the behavior of organisational members towards one another.1Where culture is strong-people do things because they think it is the right thing to do-there is a risk of another phenomenon,Groupthink. this is a state where people, even if they have different ideas, do not challenge organizational thinking, and therefore there is a reduced capacity for innovative thoughtsIt i s also growing its own talent.We are now in the process of evolution talent programme at the each level, much like Exxon Mobils or Citis talent programme. You have a rigorous focus, you find the right people, you give them development opportunities, and you give them training opportunities, said Gupta.He said DBS is flavour for people to staff what he calls a Policy Desk. They will potation policies in areas like decision-making and organisation structure.Other new initiatives include a Customer Experience Council to improve service, and an Innovation Council to promote a standard way of thinking. CNA /lshttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBS_Bankhttp//www.dbs.com/dbsgroup/about/default.aspxhttp//www.sgx.com/wps/portal/marketplace/mp-en/listed_companies_info/corporate_infoDBS management programme http//www.dbs.com/careers/graduates/Pages/default.aspx

Analysis of the Chocolate Industry in India

Analysis of the hot coffee tree labor in IndiaProject ObjectiveThis project aims at understanding the general coffee berry Industry in India, the ontogeny portfolios of diametric players in the merchandise, variant portions affecting the result and success of drinking java industry in India, the ch all toldenges and opportunities which the securities industry pleads and the changing trends in the Indian deep brown Industry. The project as considerably as coers a brief study of Cadburys India with reference to above sequence achievements.An Overview of Chocolate Industry in IndiaThe hot chocolate industry in India as it stands today is dominated by two companies, both multinationals. The securities industry leader is Cadbury with a lions sh argon of 70 perpenny. The companions dents (Five lead-in, Gems, Eclairs, Perk, dairy farm take out) are leaders their theatrical roles. Till the aboriginal 90s, Cadbury had a food mart office of oer 80 per penny, but its troupe was spoiled when clutch appeared on the scene. The latter has introduced its international daubs in the country (Kit Kat, Lions), and instantly commands somewhat 15 percent securities industry share. The Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing confederacy (GCMMF) and primaeval Arecanut and burnt umber Manufactures and Processors Co-operative (CAMPCO) are the new(prenominal) companies operating in this segment. Competition in the segment entrust get keener as overseas chocolate giants Hersheys and vitiate consolidate to grab a bite of the Indian chocolate pie.Per Capita Chocolate Consumption (in lb) of first 15 countries of the world Rank Countries Per Capita Consumption (in lb)Switzerland 22.36Austria 20.13Ireland 19.47Germany 18.04Norway 17.93Denmark 17.66 united Kingdom 17.49Belgium 13.16Australia 12.99Sweden 12.90United States 11.64France 11.38Netherlands 10.56Finland 10.45Italy 6.13INDIA, stands nowhere even next to these countries when compared in ground of Per Capita Chocolate Consumption. The Indian chocolate industry is extremely fragmented with a digress of harvest-times catering to a variety of consumers. We hold the block ups/slabs, jellies, lollipops, toffees and lucre candies.Given Indias mammoth population, it comes as a surprise that per capita chocolate utilization in the country is dismally low a mere 20 gms per Indian. Compare this to over 7 kgs in most developed nations.However, Indians swallowed 22,000 tonnes of chocolate last year and expenditure is growing at 10-12 percent annually.The grocery store size of chocolates was estimated to be nigh 16,000 tonnes, valued around Rs. 4.16 billion in 1998. Volume increment which was over 20% pa in the 3 days preceding 1998, slowed down there after(prenominal).Both chocolate and sugar confectioneries take a leak abysmally low penetration takes, in fact, even lower than biscuits, which telescope 56 per cent of the households. Market growth in the chocol ate segment has hovered between 10 to 20%. In the last five years, the family line has grown by 14-15% on an average and will put up it to keep on growing at a similar prize in the bordering five years. The market presently has close to 60mn consumers and they are mainly determined in the urban areas. Growth will mainly come with an increase in penetration as income levels cleanse. However, almost all of this custom is in the cities, and rural India is almost chocolate-free. But the fact is that three lodge of Indians live in Rural Areas. Average summertime temperatures reach 43 degrees Celsius in India. Chocolate melts at body temperature of 36 degrees.Per capita breathing in of chocolates in India is minuscule at 20gms in India as compared to around 5-8 kgs and 8-10 kgs respectively in most European countries. Awareness about chocolates is in truth high in urban areas at over 95%. Growth of former(a) life-style foods untold(prenominal) as malted beverages and milk food have genuinely declined by 3.7 per cent and 11.7 per cent, however the CHOCOLATES continue to grow at the rate of 12.6%.Low priced unit packs, increased scattering reach and new-made product launches can be say to have fuelled this growth.The launch of lower-priced, small bars of chocolate in the last two years and localization of chocolate as a substitute to conventional sweets during festivals, have boosted consumption. This is kindredwise because chocolate, which was considered to be an elitist food, has caught the fancy of buyers looking for a lifestyle item at low-cost cost.Till recently, chocolate consumption had been restricted by low acquire position in the market. Chocolates and other hot chocolate-based snack foods were looked upon as food able only(prenominal) for the well-off.After economic liberalization in 1991, major(ip) changes have occurred in food habits, partly on account of rise in gross domestic product (GDP) growth and higher purchasing pow er in the hands of the middle-class representing a third of the count population. approachability of chocolate products has withal exploded.A study had projected that deals of the Indian chocolate industry would rise from $125/$130 million in 1998 to $175/$180 million by the year 2000 and to $450 million by the year 2005 which ACTUALLY happened irrespective of various negative factors.Per capita chocolate consumption continues to be low at about 200g per person, creation mainly consumed in urban areas. In the middle and higher income groups, 70 per cent of children, 43 per cent of green adults and 16 per cent of adults consume chocolate.AC Nielsen ORG Marg topic estimates the Indian Chocolate Industry worth at Rs 2,000-crore (Rs 20 billion)Types of ChocolatesDepending on what is added to (or removed from) the chocolate liquor, divers(prenominal) flavors and varieties of chocolate are produced. Each has a unlike chemical make-up, the differences are non solely in the mouthf ul.1. nonsweet or Baking chocolate is simply cooled, hardened chocolate liquor. It is use primarily as an ingredient in recipes, or as a garnish.2. Semi-sweet chocolate is also used primarily in recipes. It has extra burnt umber butter and sugar added. Sweet cooking chocolate is basically the same, with more sugar for taste.3. Milk chocolate is chocolate liquor with extra cocoa butter, sugar, milk and vanilla added. This is the most popular cultivate for chocolate. It is primarily an eat chocolate.Cocoa is chocolate liquor with much of the cocoa butter removed, creating a fine powder. It can pick up moisture and odors from other products, so you should keep cocoa in a cool, dry place, tightly cover. there are several kinds of cocoaLow-fat cocoa has the most fat removed. It typically has less than ten percent cocoa butter remaining.Medium-fat cocoa has anyplace from ten to twenty-two percent cocoa butter in it. inebriety or Breakfast cocoa has over twenty-two percent left fiel d in it. This is the cocoa used in chocolate milk powders resembling Nestles Quik.Dutch surgical procedure cocoa is cocoa which has been finically serveed to languish the natural acids in the chocolate. It is slightly darker and has a much different taste than regular cocoa. Decorators chocolate or confectioners chocolate isnt really chocolate at all, but a sort of chocolate flavored candy used for things such as covering strawberries. It was created to melt easily and harden quickly, but it isnt chocolate.Categories of Chocolates moneymaking(prenominal) Chocolates are purchasable in the following formsBars or Moulded ChocolatesCountsPanned Chocolates (Gems)clairs various(a) ChocolatesBars or moulded chocolates (like Dairy Milk, Truffle, Amul Milk Chocolate, Nestle Premium, and Nestle off-white Bar) integrate the largest segment, accounting for 37% of the total chocolate market in volume terms. Wafer chocolates such as Kit-Kat and Perk also endure to this segment. Panned c hocolates accounts for 10% of the total chocolate market. Wafer chocolates such as Kit-Kat and Perk also belong to this segment. ..Form of ConsumptionPure ChocolatesToffeesCakes PastriesMalted BeveragesWafer Biscuits Baked BiscuitsChocolate DessertsChocolate Manufacturing ProcessWorkers cut the fruit of the cacao tree, or pods open and sac out the beans. These beans are allowed to ferment and then dry. Then they are cleaned, roasted and hulled. Once the shells have been removed they are called nibs. Nibs are blended much like coffee beans, to produce different colors and flavors. Then they are ground up and the cocoa butter is released. The heat from the grinding process causes this mixture of cocoa butter and finely ground nibs to melt and form a freeflowing substance cognise as chocolate liquor. From there, different varieties of chocolate are produced.What is conching?Raw unprocessed chocolate is gritty, grainy and really not effortable for eating. Swiss chocolate manufactu rer Rudolph Lindt discovered a process of rolling and kneading chocolate that gives it the smoother and richer prime(prenominal) that eating chocolate is known for today. The name conching comes from the shell-like shape of the rollers used. The longer chocolate is conched, the more luxurious it will feel on your tongue.Market Size (by value by volume)The Indian chocolate market is valued at Rs. 650 crores (i.e. Rs. 6.50 billion) a year. The Indian chocolate bazaar is estimated to be in the region of 22,000-24,000 tonnes per annum, and is valued in repletion of US$ 80 million.Chocolate penetration in the country is a little over 4 percent, with Indias metros proving to be the big draw time penetration in excess of 15 percent. Next, comes the relatively smaller cities/towns where consumption lags at about 8 percent. Chocolates are a luxury in the rural segment, which explains the mere 2 percent penetration in villages.The market presently has close to 60mn consumers and they are mainly located in the urban areas.Major Players their Market deal outThe major players in the Indian Chocolate Industry areCadburys India LimitedNestle IndiaThe Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) AMULCocoa Manufactures and Processors Co-operative (CAMPCO)Cadburys India Limited A StudyCADBURYS INTERNATIONALCadbury is a very old trusted name. It all started in Birmingham in England when John Cadbury started his family grocery shop with side business of cocoa and chocolate products in around 1824. His two sons, Richard and George, expanded their family business of cocoa and chocolate. Bournville, a town near Birmingham, was build by them as a part of expansion of their business.Cadbury family is also known for their contribution in social reforms and considered as liberals. This family was in the capitulum of adult education movement in England.CADBURYS INDIA LIMITEDCadbury was originally incarnate as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Ltd (CSOL) in 1948. The follows original name was Cadbury Fry (India) Ltd. In 1978, CSOL diluted its equity interestingness to 40% to comply with FERA guidelines. In 1982, the name was changed to Hindustan Cocoa Products. CSOLs shareholding was increased to 51% in Jan 83 through a preferential rights issue of Rs700mm. The legitimate name was restored in Dec 89. In 2001, Cadbury Schweppes make an open offer to acquire the 49% public holding in the company. The parent holds over 90% of the equity capital after the first open offer. A second open offer has been do to buy hold the balance shareholding, after which the company would operate as a 100% subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes Plc constantly since the Cadbury is in India in 1947, Cadbury chocolates have ruled the hearts of Indians with their fabulous taste. The company today employs closely 2000 people across India. Its one of the oldest and strongest players in the Indian confectionary industry with an estimated 68 per cent value share and 62 per cent volume share of the total chocolate market. It has exhibited continuously strong tax growth of 34 per cent and net arrive at growth of 24 per cent throughout the 1990s. Cadbury is known for its exceptional capabilities in product innovation, scattering and marketing.With brands like Dairy Milk, Gems, 5 Star, Bournvita, Perk, Celebrations, Bytes, Chocki, Delite and Temptations, there is a Cadbury offering to font all occasions and moods. Today, the company reaches millions of loyal customers through a diffusion network of 5.5 lakhs outlets across the country and this number is increasing everyday.OBJECTIVES AND VALUESOur mark is toGrow shareholder valueover the long termCadbury in every max Our marketing strategy is aimed at achieving this vision by growing the market, by appropriate pricing strategy that will create a majority market and to have offerings in every category to widen the marketOur Managing For Value Process incorporatesSetting stretched financial objectives.Adopting Value Based steering for major strategic and ope reasonable decisions and business systems.Creating an outstanding leadership electrical capacity within our wariness.Sharpening our company culture to reflect accountability, aggressiveness and adaptability.Aligning our counselling rewards structure with the interests of our shareowners.VISIONLife Full Of CadburyCadbury is an organisation which impacts and interacts with the consumers.Cadbury is present in most laughing(prenominal) occasions in the life of our consumer.Our brands excite our consumer.Cadbury is an facial gesture of a consumers life.Cadbury Full Of LifeCadbury as a company is vibrant.Cadbury ia a fun and energising workplace.Cadbury is robust and alive.BusinessCadbury dominates the Indian chocolate market with above 65 70 % market share. Besides, it has a 4% market share in the organized sugar confectionery market and a 15% market share in milk/ malted foods segment.Cadburys Indian operations are not just the largest in Asia but also the cheapest. In India, Cadbury has the largest market share anywhere in the world and has been the windy growing FMCG Company in the last three years with a compound annual growth rate of 12.5 per cent.Plant locationsCadburys manufacturing operations started in Mumbai in 1946, which was subsequently transferred to Thane. In 1964, Induri Farm at Talegaon, near Pune was redact up with a view to promote modern methods as well as improve milk yield. In 1981-82, a new chocolate manufacturing unit was sight up at the same location in Talegaon. The company, way blanket in 1964, pioneered cocoa farming in India to cut back dependence on imported cocoa beans. The parent company provided cocoa seeds and clonal sensibles free of cost for the first 8 years of operations. Cocoa farming is done in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In 1977, the company also took steps to promote higher production of milk by background signal up a subsidi ary Induri Farms Ltd near Pune. In 1989, the company hatful up a new plant at Malanpur, MP, to derive benefits available to the backward area. In 1995, Cadbury expanded Malanpur plant in a major way. The Malanpur plant has modernized facilities for Gems, Eclairs, Perk etc. Cadbury also operates third party operations at Phalton, Warana and Nashik in Maharashtra.These factories churn out close to 8,000 tonnes of chocolate annually.Cadburys Dairy Milk (CDM)Cadburys Dairy Milk is the flagship brand of Cadburys not only in India but world wide. CDM is the single largest selling unit in India. It has annual gross revenue to the tune of Rs 200 crore. CDM not only accounts for 30 per cent of the total chocolate market in value, but commands nearly 26 per cent in volume terms and close to 30 per cent of Cadburys annual turnover.Moving from a predominantly adult positioning in the days of the legendary dancing girl ad, to the teens and the tweens, when the Cyrus Broacha ads hit the airwaves , CDM has made a long sweet journey. In spite of the new categories being explored by Cadbury, its star brand remains Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM) which continues to recessional almost 30 per cent of the chocolate market.Cadburys TemptationCadburys Temptation is bountifulness chocolate brand aimed for high value consumption. Various variants available are Almond, Rum, Cashew O throw away. Cadburys temptation is priced at Rs. 40Cadburys CelebrationCadbury India launched its premium Celebrations range, which contains traditional Indian dry fruits wrapped in Dairy Milk chocolate. This gifting pick combines the pleasure of great(p) away dry fruits which Indians traditionally consider a premium, healthy gift with chocolate. Cadbury now has 90 per cent market share in this profitable segment.PRODUCT REVAMPING INNOVATIONSCadburys chocolate brands registered double-digit growth in 2002, piteous an astounding 19 per cent in the second half of that schedule year. Getting the power brand s right was the first priority, so genuine re-launches of the products were made.However, the growth rate was declining after that. The growth went down from 19 per cent in 1999 to 12 per cent in 2000 to single-digits, with seven per cent in 2001. If it present a smart recovery to nearly 10 per cent in 2002, it was largely on the back of Chocki and the revamped power brands.PRODUCT INNOVATIONS5 aceConsumer feedback suggested that the old 5 Star was too chewy, and people complained of it sticking to their teeth. It was made softer and melted easily in the mouth introduced as 5 Star CrunchyPERKPerk was made much lighter and the size of the bar increased to match Nestles munch. Perk had been under fire from Nestles deadly match of KitKat and Munch, but after the relaunch, its marketshare is two per cent more than KitKats. And, the five-year-old brand is now almost as big as the decades-old 5 Star in size, both in the region of Rs 50-55 crore.HEROESPackaging innovation has played a vital role in revamping of various Cadburys brands. Heroes brand is simply a multi-pack with miniatures of all its most popular brands in a single outermost case.NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHESRich Dry Fruit battle arrayFor Gifting joyous SeasonCadbury Celebrations Rich Dry FruitCollection a range of premium chocolate gift boxes.Available in attractive packs, the Collection caters to a premium gifting consumer and is an beliefl festive gift. It is a anomalous gang of the best Cadbury chocolate and premium dry fruits and comes in four different formats each of which is a mix of select premium dry fruits enrobed in rich Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate.Cadburys Creative LaunchA new after dinner segmentCadbury Dessertsfor sweet moments after dinnerKhaane Ke baad Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye.Rs. 20/- per packet of 44 gmsCadbury Dairy Milk (CDM) Desserts with rich hard crme center, in exotic traditional flavors of Tiramisu and Kalakand. CDM Desserts offer the perfect locomote off taste, after meal t hat adds special Meetha moments to the family. The rich tastes of CDM combined with the unique crme center in exotic flavors provide a special chocolate experience. CDM Desserts add delight to the after-meal moments, especially with the consumers whose current choice of sweets range from home made delicacies to fruits to meethai.PRICINGAfter the roaring success of Nestles Munch and Chocostick, Cadburys empire struck back hard. The Rs 5 price point accounts for more than half of all chocolate sales. Nestle had seized the initiative at this price point, with its launch of Munch, now a roaring success (and the largest selling product at that price point). Today, Cadbury has four products at this price point CDM, Perk, 5 star and Gems and the five-rupee CDM bar is its single largest-selling SKU. This is a potent price point in India, because the average purchasing power is abysmally low, is what industry analyst have to say.Nestle kicked off one of the biggest success the liquid choc olate category with its brand Chocostick priced at Rs.2 three months ahead of competition. Cadbury did react with Chocki, priced at Rs 2, expanding the concept of sachetisation to new frontiers. Chocki has been the single biggest growth driver for Cadbury as well as the entire chocolate category. The novelty of the format endeared itself to the existing customer. In less than one year, it constituted nearly 10 per cent of the total chocolate market, split equally between Cadbury and Nestle.Volume led growth strategyCadbury has followed a well-planned strategy of fuelling volume growth by introducing smaller unit packs at lower price points. Simultaneously, the company seems to have sapiently juggled with the larger pack sizes and raised prices to a degree higher than what appears at face. The strategy has driven volumes in the last two years and we expect the volume growth to continue in the next two years. aggrieve WOESChocki, selling at a potent price point of Rs 2, was ideal f or smaller towns, especially since it did not need refrigeration. But Chocki started to cannibalise other higher-priced chocolates in larger markets. The students of Bombay Scottish (an upmarket school in Mumbai) are not supposed to eat Chocki, they should not have even hear of the product.DistributionChocolate needs to be distributed fillly, unlike other FMCG products like soaps and detergents, which can be sold through a wholesale network. 90% of chocolate products are sold directly to retailers.Distribution, in the case of chocolates, is a major deterrent to new entrants as the product has to be unbroken cool in summer and also has to be adapted to suit local tropical conditions. Cadburys distribution network used to encompasses 2100 distributors and 450,000 retailers. The company has a total consumer base of over 65 million. Besides use of IT to improve distribution logistics, Cadbury is also attempting to improve distribution quality. To address the issues of product stabilit y, it has installed VISI coolers at several outlets. This helps in maintaining consumption in summer, when sales usually angle of inclination due to the fact that the heat affects product quality and thereby offtake.To empty cannibalization of its higher priced products from lower priced ones, Cadbury is setting up two separate distribution channels one for CORE business other for MASS markets, with different stockists, wholesalers and retailers. One set will be dedicated to Cadburys high-end products and traditional chocolates. The other will cater to the mass market brands namely Chocki, Halls, Eclairs et al all products priced below Rs 3.But today, Cadburys distribution network reaches out to six lakh outlets each for its chocolate confectionery brands (i.e. total reaching12 lakh outlets).Promotiontypically it is said that chocolates are being eaten when everyone is happy. And this is something advertising has always portrayed. But it is order chocolates are eaten under di verse conditions and moods when people are anxious, when they are sad, when happy a whole range of emotions. Condensing these views thoughts, it can be said chocolate is a true soul mate. Someone who is with you through the ups and downs of life, luck you bounce back. And thats what Cadburys Dairy Milk (CDM) positioned itself as a special friend.% Share of various Brands Ad spending of CadburyHere, the 6 Cadbury brands shown in the graph exemplify 85% of the advertising pie, whereas, rest of the 9 brands advertised by Cadbury comprise 15% of the advertising. Cadbury Dairy Milk Chocolate is the most advertised brand (with 22%).RE-INVENTING CABDURYKya Swad Hai Zindagi Mein redefined the way Indians looked at Cadbury Chocolates. (The commercial showed a beautiful young lady overcoming all obstacles on the cricket ground, crossing boundary, watchman, securities and embracing her buffer who won the game by hitting a six). This theme introduced in around mid 90s bought instant grow th to Cadburys Dairy Milk. The Ad bid ran successful for about four years and immersed deeper inside hearts of Indians.In March 2002, Cadbury launched its next advertisement campaign for its flagship chocolate brand, Cadburys Dairy Milk (CDM). The campaign featured a television (TV) commercial that was portentously different from the companys earlier commercials for the brand. It featured Cyrus Broacha interviewing college students and asking why they liked to eat CDM. This was followed by college students singing their excuses for eating CDM. Just as the commercial seems all set to end with the students and Cyrus singing the famous CDM theme, Khane Walon Ko Khane Ka Bahaana Chaahiye (those who want to eat, will settle excuses), a student comes up and questions Cyrus, The advertisement aimed at conveying the idea that no specific occasion is required for consuming CDM. This was a significant departure from CILs strategy of appealing to adults in India, who sought a rational justi fication for indulging in chocolate consumption. Cadbury roped in Preity Zinta for its PERK brand. Preity Zintas sugared dimples laid the groundation for what would become the Indian teenagers favorite snack. After this campaign, PERKS sale surged Cadburys advertising has, over the past few years, aptly reflected Indias passion for chocolates.Cadbury And The convolute ControversyThe discovery of worms in some samples of Cadburys Chocolate in early October 2003 created one of the biggest controversies in India against a Multi National reputed for being a bench mark of QUALITY.The logical argument created an deep adverse impact on the company with their sales not only drastically dipping down, but at the same time allowing the competitors to establish their foothold and taking maximum advantage of Cadburys misfortune.The controversy, and the adverse publicity received in several countries, set back its plan of outsourcing bewilder which would have resulted in significant revenue generation, several months back.The worms controversy came at the worst time.the next few months were the peak season of Diwali, Eid Christmas. Cadbury sells almost 1,000 tonnes of chocolates during Diwali. In that year, the sales during festival season dropped by 30 per cent. The company saying its value share melt from 73 per cent in October 2003 to 69.4 per cent in January 2004. In May, however, it inched up to 71 per cent. CDM sales volumes declined from 68 per cent in October 03 to 64 per cent in January 2004 Clearly, the worm controversy took a toll on Cadburys bottom-line. For the year ended December 2003, its net profit fell 37 per cent to Rs 45.6 crore (Rs 456 million) as compared with a 21 per cent increase in the previous year.However, Cadburys reiterated that all through the 55 years of leadership in India, that it has remained synonymous with chocolates and have remained committed to high quality and consumer satisfaction.CABDBURYS FIGHT-BACKProject Vishwas Steps to e nsure quality regain the confidence pursuit the controversy over infestation in its chocolates, Cadbury India Ltd unveiled Project Vishwas, a plan involving distribution and retail channels to ensure the quality of its products.The companys team of quality defend managers, along with around 300 sales staff, go over over 50,000 retail outlets in Maharashtra and replaced all questionable stocks with immediate effect. The Vishwas computer program was intended to build awareness among retailers on storage requirements for chocolates, provide assistant in improving storage conditions and strengthen package of the companys range of products.Cadbury reduce the number of chocolates in its bulk packets to 22 bars from the present 60 bars. These helped stockists display and sell the products safely and hygienically 190,000 retailers in key states were covered under this awareness programme.The Big B FACTORThe big factor that has pushed up CDM sales is the Amitabh Bachchan campaign. It helped restore consumers faith in the quality of the product. In early January, Cadbury appointed Amitabh Bachchan as its brand ambassador for a period of two years.The company believed that the reputation he has built up over the last three decades complements their own, which was built over a period of 50 years. Yet, the entire credit of recovery could not be attributed to the brand mascot. piercing action taken by the company also helped. Some of which wereResponded to consumers reside over the issue rapidly. Also, the communication campaign worked effectively in giving out the central message.The packaging was changed to include a sealed bendable wrapper inside the outside foil. Cadburys launched a new purity-sealed packaging for its flagship product, Cadbury Dairy Milk. The packaging is in response to foreign bodies, notably worms, being found in its products. Over the next few weeks Cadbury will work towards introducing any a heatsealed or a flow-pack packaging that offer s a high level of resistance to infestation from improper storage.New advertising promotion campaigns were in place which accounted for an Ad spend of nearly Rs 40 crore (Rs 400 million) Cadbury invested nearly Rs 25 crore (Rs 250 million) this year on new machinery for the improved packaging.CADBURYS SINGING sweetly AGAINAll is well that ends well. And for Cadburys India, nothing can be sweeter than take Back the Consumer Confidence.Thanks to quick action taken to recover the damage done by the worm controversy like Operaion Vishwas, adopting new packaging massive advertising with Mr. Amitabh Bachchan as their brand ambassador, Cadburys regained its market share.The survey conducted by the company says that consumers have long forgotten the controversy and are back to their merry chocolate-chomping ways. Sales were back to the precontroversy levels. Consumer confidence in the product was back and there was a steady progression in sales .The company posted a high double digit sa les growth in that year end. The recovery began in May 2004 when Cadburys value share went up to 71 per cent.Hires AT Kearney to curb beCadbury India appointed management consultancy firm AT Kearney to draw up a strategy to control costs in several areas, including sourcing of raw materials and packaging. This was partly an outcome of the worms controversy more than a year ago. Among other things, it changed the wrappers for its Cadbury Dairy Milk brand and introduced better coolers.The consultancy firm will also look at the sourcing of direct and indirect materials like renegotiating with suppliers for longer term contracts and vendor management. Other costs (indirect expenses) like travel costs and hotels were also being studied.In other words, Cadbury is trying to reduce the cost per stock keeping unit (SKUs, or packs).The aim is to improve efficiencies.Earnings sensitivity factorsCocoa bean prices internal as well as international prices of key raw material cocoa have signifi cant impact on margins.Excise duties Changes in excise levied on malt and chocolate influences end product prices and thereby volume growth as well as margins.Changes in

Children and Adoption Act Legislation Evaluation

Children and credence Act Legislation EvaluationLooking at The Children and toleration Act identify and trace the development of the policy in its present formatIntroductionIn 2005 the Children and borrowing Act was created in response to a green paper entitled P bental separation Childrens Needs and P atomic numeral 18nts Responsibilities (2004). This new bill addresses issues both in the acres of while away betwixt nipperren and separated erects, and foreign adoption issues. However, for the purposes of this essay the investigator volition focus on the issues of interlocutor, as these atomic number 18 the most jam and widely talked to the highest degree aspects of the bill.Firstly, we result outline the major points of this edict. As a response to the green paper and an update on both the 2002 do Contact Work report and the 1989 Children Act, the Children and borrowing Act (2005) aims to address certain(p) key issues of while away between separated or divo rced p atomic number 18nts and electric s beatrren.The major part of the rule deals with new processes and powers break inn to taps when issuing and enforcing advert coiffes. Firstly, a new initiative k outrightn as edge activity readions is at present available to the acts. These directions allow the mash to help promote refer between non- occupant parents and children by means of various courses or counselling. For example, by freeing for psychiatric or physical treatment to remedy the likeliness of cooperation between children and the separated parents. spare powers granted to the courts are as well as an burning(prenominal) part of this bill. The court now has added power to monitor have-to doe with and to report binding to the court about the maintenance of more(prenominal)(prenominal) orders. Further, the court now exacts to attach a nonice of warning to fill orders stating the consequences of a bankrupt of the order. Family assistance orders sight now be issued in to a greater extent than just exceptional circumstances, allowing for a greater opportunity to develop cooperation and gather arrangements.The way in which a breach of a contact order clear be penalise has also changed. In the past, options open to the court were to put the parent in breach in prison or fine them an inwardness of money, exchange residence of the children to the other parent, or do nonhing. These options were often inadequate or not available in all sheaths, and so the rectitudes bemuse been changed. A parent in breach of a contact order empennage now face what is known as an enforcement order which bathroom be applied for by either parent or the children concerned. This enforcement order will invoke a requirement for unpaid bring in on the offender, heart and soul they will sacrifice to carry out a certain amount of duties or work for no fee much like society service. The court inevitably to be satisfied beyond reasonable distrust that the person is failing or has failed to comply, and that the making of an order is necessary to furbish up conformance with the order. Once an order is initiated, a Children and Family Court Advisory and tide over Service (CAFCASS) officer will monitor the spotlight and report back to the court about compliance. If breach continues again then the order can be extended or increased as the court carry outs paroxysm.another(prenominal) way in which a breach can be penalize by the court is with compensation to the other party for financial loss suffered as a consequence of the breach. This is meant to be compensation preferably than a punitive payment, and is based upon the financial bureau of the offender as well as the needs of the child.These are the main areas of interest in the new Children and Adoption Act in terms of contact, and will be discussed in detail throughout the rest of the essay. In order to do this, the reasoning and objectives behind this new bill fi rst need to be look at. The three main objectives are as followsTo promote and induce contact activity between children and non-occupier parentsTo improve the observe of compliance with contact orders and reduce delays in complying with these orders.To give the courts increased powers to punish breaches of contact orders that punish the offender and result in compliance rather than harming the welfare of the child.These objectives are in response to a number of issues raised over the give-up the ghost few geezerhood. Of these issues, the most notable is the incline towards renders in terms of contact, with the absolute majority of female parents being the occupier parent later on separation. Many examples of laminitiss being denied contact by mothers are documented, and rough of these will be discussed later in the essay. The main aim of this essay is to compare the real Children and Adoption superlative to antecedent jurisprudence, and whether or not it manages to m eet its objectives and address the issues that have caused statement over the last 15 years. The researcher aims to show that whilst this new legislation does go almost way to improve the preceding(prenominal) situation and alter the chances of contact between children and non-resident parents, it good-tempered lacks sexuality specific policies to deal with the socio-cultural incline towards mothers in parental disputes over contact.Comparisons with previous legislationThe original legislation put in place to deal with issues of parental separation and child contact were outlined in the 1989 Children Act. The major problems with this legislation were that it didnt give bounteous powers to courts to enforce compliance of contact orders, and that contact was not generally promoted outside of the orders. This resulted in umteen orders being breached and lengthy delays in getting breached orders enforced. The powers open to the courts meant that umpteen non-resident parent s, usually pay offs, were ineffectual to see their children due(p) to mothers denying access. another(prenominal) problem is that the 1989 Act gave parental responsibility automatically to the mother if the parents were not married at the time of the childs birth, and the father had to open for responsibility if an declarement could not be reached with the mother. Basically, the rights of a non-married father were sanely limited under this bill. Also, thither was a severe lack of monitoring in terms of compliance with the bill and the general contact situation. This left the door open for un proveed allegations by mothers against the fathers in order to settlement or delay contact. Even those fathers that all the way established themselves as fit to have contact often found they were unable to obtain contact in the face of hostility from the resident parent. Even with court intervention, not much could often be through.The options open to the court were to put the mother in prison, fine the mother, hand over residence to the father or do nothing. Prison and monetary sanctions were often not practical as they harmed the welfare of the child, and residence passing to the father was not always viable if their residence was unsuitable for the child. In many cases, a severely non-compliant mother would face no penalties for breaching the contact order, and so the father would be unable to see the child at all. Although it wasnt always the case that the father lost out, even when he was able to get contact there were often large delays and extreme stress twisty to do so, and the situation could change.Examples of just how difficult it was for the courts to brand decisions about contact under this legislation can be seen in the following two case examples.1 Family Law Reform 1279 (2004). In S (A Child) (Contact Promoting descent with Absent Parent). The collections court looked at a father appeal against the dismissal of an application for direct conta ct with his daughter, aged six. in that location had been separation between parents five years previously, and voluntary arrangements that had worked in the beginning had since broken down. The child was reluctant to have contact, mainly due to the mothers extreme reluctance to book any form of contact work, and there were unproven allegations of domestic force-out by the mother against the father. The president of the FLR put the dilemma as followsIf a mother is truly recalcitrant, the court can commit to prison for discourtesy or fine the mother. Most mothers do not have enough money to pay a significant fine and this sanction is seldom used, particularly since she is the primary carer of the child. equately the sanction of prison for mothers who refuse to allow contact is a heavy one and may well be a self-defeating oneAt this stage also the court may have the evidence that the continuing efforts to persuade the mother to agree to contact are having a disproportionately adv erse effect upon the child whose welfare is paramount and the court may find it necessary, however reluctantly, to nab trying to promote contact. That is a very(prenominal) sad situation fluent may be necessary for a short or for a longer time if the welfare of the child requires it.In this case, she granted the appeal to allow the parties to jointly instruct a consultant child psychiatrist to asses the family and the contact prospects. Although this is in some way positive, it doesnt help the father see his child at all, and delays contact even shape up.This bordering case of 1 FLR 1226 (2004) D (A Child) (Intractable Contact Dispute Publicity) shows even further the problems that occur for fathers when the mother denies access. The mother had in this case had not allowed the father to see his daughter at all for 2.5 years, and it was clear this situation was not going to change. Munby J concluded that the father would have to abandon his contact application because the mot her was clearly not going to change her mind, and there was very little the courts could do to change this situation. He saidThere are no simple final results. And it is idle to imagine that even the best agreement can over watch over all problems. The bitter truth is that there will always be some contact cases so intractable that they will defeat even the best and most committed attempts of judges. But that is no reason for not taking steps urgent steps to improve the system as best we can.This was clearly a injustice, and many pressure groups have formed over the years to combat such issues and greatly improve the rights of fathers in these proceedings. This has come about due to such cases as well as the clear desire of modern fathers to be more involved in the lives and upbringing of their children (OBrien Shemilt, 2003).Two of the main groups or so today are Families Need Fathers and Fathers For jurist (see websites www.fnf.org.uk and www.fathers-4-justice.org/home/index .html). Families Need Fathers have tried to combat these issues by appealing for change, and are the largest such beneficence in the UK. Fathers For Justice are quite different in their approach, and have staged aggressive protests over recent years involving climbing up buildings dressed as superheroes and often getting arrested for their troubles. However, their controversial protests have change integrity the community on these issues, with many believing their actions show sincere heating system whilst others believing their reckless behaviour does nothing for the cause and simply damages the reputations of other fathers (Kelly, 2006). Although these groups vary radically in their ways of tackling the issues, their existence clearly shows the desire for change.The previously mentioned cases and change magnitude coverage in the media led to the 2002 polish up of policy in the 2002 report by the Childrens Act Sub-Committee to the ennoble Chancellor entitled Making Contact Work. Many of the issues raised in cases and through the work of pressure groups came to the fore in this report, including the issues of giving courts more power, reducing delays, promoting contact and increasing monitoring facilities so that contact orders are maintained. This report set the foundation for the 2004 Green paper and the subsequent Children and Adoption Act in 2005. The benefits of this act will be looked at next.Benefits of the Children and Adoption ActThe Children and Adoption Act (2005) has been seen as a possible find in the fight against in make upity for non-resident parents, and a step towards break-dance contact once separation has occurred. In general terms, the Act is an acknowledgement that previous laws were inadequate in terms of contact orders and rights for non-resident parents in the face of non-compliance from resident parents.The first major benefit of this act is the new powers to promote contact through the use of contact direction activities. P reviously, a non-compliant resident parent might feel that the non-resident parent is unfit or unsuitable to be allowed contact with the child or children. However, contact direction activities allow the resident parent to get reassurances that the non-resident parent is altering their behaviour and improving through various treatments and counselling. This can help promote contact and allow the parties involved to work towards an amicable solution.If this does not work, then the consequences of breaching the contact order are far clearer than they were before. Although non-compliant resident parents generally knew the consequences previously, they were not as firm as they are now or as enforceable.The new laws regarding punishment for breach are also a big returns on the previous penalties of fines and imprisonment. The unpaid work punishment via an enforcement order is much more workable, and provides real consequences for the non-compliant parent as well as reducing the harm to the child. The further punishment of compensation is also better than a fine, as this money still stays within the parent unit and the financial situation and welfare of the child are taken into account.However, perhaps the most important benefit associated with this new bill is the increased monitoring facilities on offer, allowing for quick decisions and a reduction in delays for non-resident parents. Through monitoring by CAFCASS and court officials, evidence regarding allegations made against parents can be quickly obtained and the status of compliance with the contact order can also be monitored. This acts as a deterrent against making unfounded allegations and breaching the contact order, and also allows for speedy reestablishment of contact should the order be broken.Overall, the Children and Adoption Act (2005) represents a definite improvement on previous legislation. Despite this, there are still many issues that are not resolved, especially in terms of gender bias. The next section will deal with these specific issues and how they relate to the new bill. sex activity Issues Not Dealt WithAlthough the bill is seen as an improvement on the 1989 legislation, it has still come in for much criticism for not dealing with the gender issues that are at the heart of debate on contact law. The new Children and Adoption Act does make it easier for contact laws to be enforced, only if shies away from issues of gender bias that have been the major cause for concern for many people. The law still fails to deal with the major issue of gender bias towards mothers due to the large percentage of mothers who are the resident parents after separation, and the general socio-cultural bias in favour of the importance of mothers for children. It has also been noted by the said(prenominal) pressure groups that mothers often obstruct or at the very least fail to encourage contact for the non-resident father.It is believed that a more adequate solution to the problem woul d be to give an automatic 5050 theatrical role to parents, thereby eliminating gender bias altogether. Although this is a very good melodic theme in principle, in practical terms it is unlikely to work because of the by chance unsuitability of one parent in such situations, and so a 5050 split might not be in the best interests of the children involved.Although it is generally accepted that the bias is still towards mothers, there is some evidence to suggest that the gender bias goes both ways, and is more a bias towards the non-resident parent than a gender specific issue. In Kielty (2005), the views a small sample of non-resident mothers in the UK, who now number over 130,000, are taken into account. It shows that although many of the non-resident mothers have a good relationship with their children and still have contact, that some are denied access due to the reluctance of the resident father to allow contact. In these cases, it has been no easier for the mothers to gain acce ss than it has for the regular(prenominal) non-resident fathers.This orbit further shows how the Children and Adoption Act fails to deal with all aspects of the gender bias in contact cases, and due to the much higher number of non-resident fathers than non-resident mothers, the legislation can be seen as much more aureate to mothers than it is to fathers. peerless thing that was also made clear in the Kielty (2006) study and Sobolewski and King (2005) study is that these gender bias issues can be overcome, but only if the parents have a good relationship and are willing to work together. In the Kielty (2006) study, the mothers who generally had contact with their children were the ones who had voluntarily become the non-resident parent, and had a good level of cooperation with their ex-partners. The same was true in the Sobolewski and King (2005) study, where it found that high levels of parental cooperation allowed for increased levels of contact and less of a need for court p roceedings. However, the study also found that cooperation after separation was middling uncommon, with 66% of mothers saying the father of their child had no influence on the childs upbringing.It is clear that more needs to be done than the current legislation allows for, and although the objectives of giving more power to the courts, reducing delays and improving monitoring have been met, the issues of gender bias and cooperation still need much work.The findings of this essay will now be concluded, and there will also be a look at what the future holds for parental contact legislation.ConclusionsIt is clear that the problems of the 1989 Children Act seen in various case examples, and the continued electioneering and media coverage of pressure groups have helped to shape the Children and Adoption Act of 2005. In many ways, this bill is a huge step forward in the fight to establish equality of contact with children for resident and non-resident parents after separation. There is a great improvement in the powers of the court to enforce the contact orders, and much more workable punishments for breaches. Also, monitoring has been improved with the cooperation of CAFCASS and so delays in getting contact orders and allegations analysed are being reduced. Also, the ability to promote contact through contact direction activities is a definite step in the right direction. It can be said that the three main objectives of increasing court powers, improving promotion of contact and improve contact order monitoring have all been achieved.However, there are still some major issues that have not been dealt with, namely the gender bias still in place against fathers. With so many more non-resident fathers than non-resident mothers, and the increased likelihood of mothers to deny access to fathers, the legislation still does not give fathers the equal rights to see their children that they deserve.In a bid to address this, the government is now trying to focus on improvi ng cooperation between separated parents so as to ease conflict and reduce the problems of bias in the legislation. One way that this is being done is through fender family resolution projects (Samuel, 2006). These pilot schemes have had a fairly low turnout, but have shown that agreements can be reached through an improvement in mutual parent taste and cooperation. However, there is still a long way to go to make this scheme workable, and so far results are not much better than for in-court conciliation.The gender bias issue definitely needs to be dealt with through future legislation or more effective means of improving cooperation between parents. Also, the involvement of the children in this process is key, especially those older children. Their needs and opinions should be of paramount importance when deciding the outcome of contact disputes. The current legislation is definitely an improvement, but there is still much to be done if fathers are to have the same rights of cont act as mothers after parental separation.BibliographyClarke, C., Falconer, Hewitt, P. (2004) Parental Separation Childrens Needs and Parents Responsibilities Green Paper, The Stationery Office, capital of the United KingdomConnolly, J., Kellet, J., Notley, C., Swift, L. and Trinder, L. (2006) Making contact happen or making contact work? The process and outcomes of in-court conciliation. division for Constitutional Affairs Research Unit, LondonDepartment for Education and Skills DfES (2005) Children and Adoption Bill (HL) Explanatory Notes http//www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmbills/096/eii/06096x-.htmEdwards, J. (2006) Enforcement of Contact Orders A New Era? in Family Law. Vol. 36 pi 25- 130ePolitix (2006) Children and Adoption Bill HL http//www.epolitix.com/EN/Legislauon/200505/9483aedc-eaac-4cla-be3a-4aOdcalOb330.htmFamilies Need Fathers FNF (2005) Parental Responsibility http//www.fnf.org.uk/pro.htmFathers 4 Justice (2005) Fathers 4 Justice Campaign Objectives http//www.fathers-4-justice.org/campaign objectives/indexhtmFathers 4 Justice (2005) Fathers 4 Justice Press Articles http//www.fathers-4-justice.org/press articles/index.htmFawcett Society (2006) Family Courts Fact sheet http//www.fawcettsocietv.org.uk/documents/Family%20courts%20factsheet.doc (Accessed whitethorn 2006)Kelly, L. (2006) Real dads failed by clowns of F4J Opinion in The Sun. 21 January 2006Kielty, S. (2005) Mothers are Non-resident Parents also A Consideration of Mothers Perspectives on Non-residential Parenting in The Journal of Social offbeat and Family Law. Vol 27 No.l p 1-16OBrien, M. Shemilt, I. (2003) Working Fathers Earning and Caring, EOC Research Discussion Series, Equal Opportunities Commission, Manchester.OPSI (1989) The Children Act 1989 (c.41) http//www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/actsl989/Ukpga19890041 en 3.htmSamuel, M. (2006) Special Report on Family Resolution Schemes http//www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2006/03/10/53165/special-report-on-family-resoluti on-schemes.htmlSarler, C (1991) Act of kindness for the children Childrens Act in The Sunday Times. London, 13 October 1991 Wall, J (2005) Enforcement of Contact Orders in Family Law. Vol 35 p 26-32Sobolewski, J. and King, V. (2005) The Importance of the Coparental Relationship for Non-resident Fathers ties to Children in The Journal of Marriage and Family. Vol 67 p 1196-1212

Resource Sharing Platform for Collaborative Cloud Computing

Resource Sharing Platform for Collaborative blotch ComputingHarmonious resource sharing platform for collaborative infect computing System DesignSYSTEM DESIGNThe system material body is the architecture definition process, components, modules, interfaces and info to a system to meet the qualify requirements. The system design could be considered the application of systems theory to product phylogenesis .4.1 Functional DesignUtilitarian outline is utilised to shootline the signifier of equipment gadgets and programming efficacious configuration guarantees that every particular component of a gadget has an obligation and do this obligation with insignifi natest reactions somewhere else. The maps of go forful configuration forms that make the state of necessity for how to outline flesh out . Amid this physique of the on a lower floor victorious structure characterized from an utilitarian perspective.4.1.1 Modular DesignThe particular, or privateness in configuration is a methodology that the frame reverse is separated into littler parts (modules or cushions ) that can be autonomously made and afterward utilized as a part of distinctive cloths for various highlights. A withdrawn frame institute can be described by the accompanying highlights running(a) separation scalable and reusable individual modules consisting of solo, self contained functional elements. stern use well-defined modular interfaces, including object -oriented description of the functionality of the module.Easy to shift to achieve transp atomic number 18ncy and technology to the extent possible, use industry standards for mainstay interfaces4.2 High level Design4.2.1 selective information Flow DiagramAn education stream graph (DFD) is a graphic representation of the culture stream by method for a data framework.DFD can be addition eachy utilized for the training handling show episode (organized outline). In a DFD, information stream components from an outer information sour ce or an inside information store to store interior or right(prenominal) information take root information, through an inner procedure. A DFD does not give data on synchronization or administration procedure, or the procedure will work in grouping or in parallel.Subsequently, it is altogether disparate from a stream outline demonstrating the stream of control through a count that permits the per drug user to figure out what operations will be attempted, in what ask and under what great deal, however this sort of information will be inputs and yields of the framework, or when the information go back and forth, or where the information is recorded (which are all shown in a DFD).DATA take to the woods DIAGRAMLevel 0 fingers breadth 4.1 DFD level 0 visit 4.1 DFD level 0 explains that the data proprietor has to register before login and using the help of debase details he can choose the highly reputed mist over advantage provider. The data proprietor after registering has to lo gin with his account and select total retention and brink memory. Select a charge up from the data store of the data owner and upload it to the smear legion. There are four different dapple providers to which points are uploaded.The files are uploaded via trust coach-and-four in which he can check for blocked users and unblocked user and receive to and from data with cloud servers and data owner.Figure 4.2 DFD level 1Figure 4.2 DFD level 1 consists of four major nodes. block off user request for a file . The request enters to cloud server through trust manager. An attacker tries to condition the file which is present in cloud service provider.4.2.2 Use-Case DiagramA case in programming build and the practice session of frameworks designing is a depiction of the conduct of a framework as it reacts to an appeal from outside of this framework. As it were, an utilization case portrays who can do what the framework existence referred to. The system of utilization cases is ut ilized to catch the execution prerequisites of a framework itemizing the situation managed by useful necessities dialogs.Utilization cases depict the quislingism amidst one or more on-screen characters (a performing artist who is the initiator of the colloquy can be assigned as the main on-screen character 29) and the framework itself, spoke to as a succession of basic steps. The On-screen characters are something or somebody existing outside the framework (black box) in the study, and included in a progression of exercises in a dialog with the framework to discover an objective. The performing artists may be end clients, different frameworks or gadgets equipment. either utilization case is a progression of springs, depicted from the viewpoint of the law.Figure 4.3 Use case diagram of clientFigure 4.4 The above use case diagram shows different properties of service provider, trust manager, Data owner and End user. Data Owner uploads file in the cloud server through trust manag er and performs various actions. End user requests the file through trust manager. Attacker tries to modify the file which is present in cloud server.4.3 Low-level Design4.3.1 System FlowchartAflowchartis a guinea pig of diagram that represents analgorithm orprocess, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. This diagrammaticrepresentation 30 can give a step-by-step solution to a givenproblem. litigate operations are represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow of control.FLOW CHARTFigure 4.4 Flow chartFigure 4.6 Data owner checks the Reputation of the cloud and chooses the cloud according to that. At first he registers and later logins with his credentials. Buys memory and assigns threshold regard as to it. If the memory exceeds the threshold value it will intimate the Data Owner. Data owner uploads the file to cloud server through trust manager. files are stored in encripted format. entrust manager al ways check for MAC and secret key. If the MAC value changes ,it understands that files substantiate been changed it intimates to the data owner.4.3.2. Sequence DiagramA grouping outline in Brought together Displaying Dialect (UML) is a sort of association chart that shows how procedures work with each separate and in what request. It is a develop of a substance Grouping Outline 31. Grouping graphs are now and then called amour follow outlines, occasion situations, and timing charts.A succession graph is a correspondence chart that shows how procedures work with each other and in what request. It is a fabricate of a Message Grouping Diagram. A succession chart shows object associations orchestrated in time arrangement. It portrays the articles and kinfolkes included in the circumstances and the grouping of messages traded between the items alluring to do the usefulness of the situation. It plants the relationship of articles taking into account a period succession and it indica tes how the article connect with other question in a specific situation of the utilization case furthermore it demonstrates the grouping of back rubs that are traded, alongside their relating event details on the life lines.Grouping graphs are traditionally connected with utilization case acknowledge in the Sensible Perspective of the framework under change. Arrangement charts are once in a while called occasion graphs, occasion situations.A succession chart shows, as parallel tumid lines (life savers), distinctive procedures or items that live simultaneously, and, as level bolts, the messages traded between them, in the request in which they happen. This permits the determination of simple runtime situations in a lifelike way.An arrangement chart shows, as parallel vertical lines (helps), diverse procedures or items that live at the same time, and, as even bolts, the messages traded between them, in the request in which they happen. This permits the particular of basic runtime si tuations in a graphical way 32.SEQUENCE DIAGRAMFigure 4.5 Sequence diagramFigure 4.5 sequence diagram of the project explains how the data owner requests, accept and assigns the memory. It similarly tells how the end user requests the cloud server through trust manager. go for manager maintains the list of blocked and unblocked user.4.3.3 Class DiagramClass diagrams outlines demonstrate the classes of the framework, their between connections, and the operations and characteristics of the classes. It investigates space ideas as an area model 33 and dissects necessities as a calculated/investigation model. It portrays the definite configuration of article situate or item based programming.The class outline is the key building piece of article arranged demonstrating. It is utilized both for widespread theory-based demonstrating of the intelligent of the application, and for nitty gritty displaying make an interpretation of the models into programming code. Class graphs can likewise be utilized for information demonstrating. The classes in a class chart speak to both the fundamental articles, interchanges in the application and the classes to be modified. paintpFigure 4.6 Class diagramFigure 4.6 Class diagram of the collaboration architecture gives the details of the data owner, trust manager, end user, attacker, admin and cloud server. Data owner sees the theme in which he can choose the best cloud which are suitable for him to upload files. The server which is having lowest reputation will be chosen Later Data owner registers with the cloud server giving all his detail and logins with his credentials .Data owner chooses the vm and assigns threshold value to it . If the file size is greater than the threshold value it will intimate the data owner to buy vm from another cloud provider.Trust manager is the intermediate between cloud server, data owner and End user. All the request which data owner make and end user make are through trust manager. It is the co llaborative element of all the service provider. When data owner uploads the file to server it will be encrypted format. Trust manager maintains the MAC value and secret key of every file.End user in public cloud is not bothered about security. Here in this project automated password is generated by trustmanager.Secret key is entered by the end-user so that integrity of the data is maintained.

Practical Application Of Evidence Based Practice Nursing Students Nursing Essay

Practical finish Of Evidence Based Practice Nursing Students Nursing EssayIn the modern era of health pull off services, almost health c argon practices practiced by health bursting charge brass sections atomic number 18 establish on look. It gives a confirming presentation of t all(prenominal)ing and learning activities based on unhurried c atomic number 18 urgencys and is in either case toll effective (Doebbeling et al. 2006, Higgs J., Jones M., 2000). Applications with the absence of hyper detailed thinking proof expertness be risky to patients. The same lavatory be give tongue to when relating to any situation where the differentiate says differentwise (Zelm , 2006). correspond to Rycroft Malone et al (2004), state is a major rent based on a organized redirect examination article that has been identify by queryers and subsequently include their views and takingss from the feel breakment and arousement programs. sWhilst and banning (2005) connatura lly claimed that recite expanded and is widely utilize in practice because there be more educated individuals, the augment in public sureness and excessively the increasing rate in productivity and cost efficiency period providing high quality health services. This resulted in the need to access the up-to-the-minute scientific cognition and similarly emerges the need for individual practitioners to be qualified to think critically in the effort to armed service optimizing patient cargon results.The demand for evidence-based decisions has also risen because todays healthcare services are also increasing beyond the existing resources of service fork outrs. However, this does not speak for individuals working in health and social care environment because there is the need to be fitted to critically evaluate the latest query. Cormack (2000) said critical paygrade (critical appraisal) is the process of systematically evaluating and interpreting evidence by considering effectuality, the results and relevancy. evidently it is important to be fair and not prejudicial to the research cosmos done.Critical assessment, which is sometimes referred to as criticizing, is more focus to find the advantages and disadvantages of a particular rsesearch and make a fair decision on what was presented in the outcome. If all the studies with weaknesses and flaw are to be ignored, thence there forget be no evidence that faecal matter be relate to uncomplete cosmos used in future practics. The might to wisely locate and s end those research weaknesses and flaw would more likely to ensure the accuracy and validity of future research step forwardcomes. Burns (2000) concluded that macrocosm critical means be able to make judgments more or less the shelter of a work or literature art in the context of how a critical paygrade of a show is to be done.This paper focuses on a study of treat bookmans motive towards their learning. The objective of this pa per is to knock a selective review of the Bio Medical central issue in the year of 2008. This study is found beneficial for health care orbit workers, particularly nurses. The Nursing field is working to develop evidence-based practice, which involves finding, criticizing, and applying evidence in practices. tally to Parahoo (1997) nurses are requireed to be able to learn and reassessment research and work connect to their practices as tumesce as identifying the grandeur and relevance of the research to the authentic practice in order to improve and enhance the quality of patient care practices. Criticizing a study involves an in-depth and encompassing examination of all the aspects included in the study with the intention to except consider the returns or volumes, the limitations means and the significance of the study (ha, 1996).Polite Beck (2004) suggested that nurses are encouraged to use evidence in their profession to ensure that the beat care accustomed to pa tients is also cost effective. The proposal is back up by Regan (1998), whom declared that providing twain excellent and effective care to patients is the basis for evidence-based practice.I entrust further critically analyze this research paper and insinuate out several recomm arrestations and to apply the results and recommendations contained in it in my practice environment.The ennoble of the study is Nursing Student Motivation Toward Their studies a survey study. The call clearly theorises the overall cognitive content of the study. It is to inform and acknowledge readers about what is being studied and the type of study which is survey study. The title of an article review should be concise and precisely reflect the content aside from being able to attract readers and encourage them to further read the content (Cormack, 1996 Parahoo, 1997). The selected motif is relevant to my work protrude, in monetary value of the factors that influence our choices, which forms th e direction and strength and continuity in our thinking and behavior (Kelly, 2003). Research topic is considered permit if we take into account the importance of the relationship between want and results. By analyzing the estimated degree of students motivation during and in different semesters, this research could also enhance and improve their learning.The study was exculpateed by two researchers, Kerstin EL Nilson from Medical School, University of Skovde Sweden and Margareta I Warren Stomberg from the Institute of Health and Care Science, Sahlgrenska Academy at Coteberg, Coteberg Sweden. Although some(prenominal) of the researchers are from the same country, their background is not described, only their department was mentioned. lineation brooks consise yet precise summary of the study by including a glimpse of the objectives, orders, results and conclusions, which also attract readers to further read the entire article. consort to ha Moule (2006), the abstract is a brie f summary that identifies the different stages of the review process. con offers a good overview content of the research which can be seen in this paper. It explains how tuition accessed from selected participants, in terms of survey in the form of questionnaires. This allows readers to fix by themselves whether to continue reading or otherwise.This study is found to be comfortably designed and its objectives are clearly defined. When the objectives are clearly defined, other aspects of the design of the study result blend in nicely and swimmingly (Cormack 1996). The objective of this study was stated in the abstract and in the organic structure of the article. This shows that it has been well studied and a literature review was conducted carefully and with immense concern to further equipped the work with credibility.In this study, qualitative accession was carried out since research is commonly involving human behavior and changes within their behavior. qualitative studies are often utilized when one does not possess commensurate knowledge link up to a particular issue or matter. Participants can express their feelings and experiences about certain issue or phenomenon in their stimulate words. tally to Morse Field (1999), qualitative research can help us better understand the reality, to reflect and explain the social piece and develop models and also theoretical historys. Baldwin and Nail (2000) defined qualitative research as a method of advertising research, which is to emphasize the meaning of quality in terms of views and perceptions of consumers, for example, in-depth interviews and focus throngs.Qualitative study is a systematic and subjective approach to describe and potray life experiences and the meaning within it. However, it also comes with a drawback in which researchers admitted the fact that when they put up any subjective feelings related to a critical phenomenon, they would be inclined to reflect and include their in-person perception and understanding of the phenomenon being studied (Jackson, Daly Chang, 2003).Literature review is an evaluation report of instruction found in the literature which related to the selected study. tally to ha Moule (2006), literature review is a indite work to evaluate and conclude a specific subject in only a few details. Literature reviews are conducted in order to either study the results of previous studies or to know whether the problems in previous studies were successfully overcame and then repeat the same steps to solve similar problems encountered in the current study (Dempsey Dempsey, 1996).These processes account for the strategies, methodologies, entropy collection, data digest, countersign and recommendations for future practice. In addition, it also informs the reader that the author recognizes that there are other studies that may have similarities with their studies, nevertheless this study reinforce the relevance of their research writ of exe cution, and reflect the fact that if they repeat the same study, it will only be a waste of time , resources and effort (Parohoo, 1997).This literature review mentioned a entirety of 24 references, of which 16 references are from primary sources, bit the remaining sextet are assistary sources. As stated by Mc Burney sporty (2004), a primary source is the real material. Primary sources are from the original time frame involved and have not filtered through translation. indirect source is a detailed, pen only after the fact interpreted. It is the evaluation and translation of the primary sources. These resources are not considered as evidence, moreover instead as comments and intelligences related to evidence.This study also deploy a kind of extensive literature sources, such as books, journals, articles and also statistical analysis consummateed during the period from April to May 2006. A literature review which are both latest and comprehensive presented in which rese archers involved aware of the latest discipline and the need for additional research.Research design involved the planning of utiliseation of a specific study (ha Moule, 2006). The research design deployed in this study is a survey study in which survey study is carried out in accordance with the expected reasons. Researchers will study their subjects and find the cause caused by the expected reasons. According to the Burn Grove (2001), within the chain of scientific thinking, survey study applied in two focuss. First, it is used in a all-encompassing sense as any descriptive studies or correlational studies. In this sense, the survey used to describe a data collection technique in which questionnaires or private interviews are used to collect data about a specific identified population. Data collection was performed by two researchers. hotshot researcher accompany by a declare oneself helter-skelter attended a university treat program at a medium-sized university in central Sweden with the intention to control related information from students who are willing to take part in the study. Completed questionnaires collected after lecture session ended.Compilation of information about research procedures and the steps require are adequate to understand how data is collected and measured. Questionnaire distribution is a popular research method and used frequently by researchers (Leininger 1985). Morse (1999) says that questions which are very promiscuous and complex can be restructured and modified to be able to adjudicate divers(a) research questions. Distribution of questionnaires is the medium through which data is collected. render end questions can provide a variety of information but more time is required to respond and analyze compared to a unkindly end question (Kerlinger Lee. 2000). Among the benefits of deploying questionnaire method to gather information are including cost reduction while have access to samples around the world, ca pable of providing prominent samples at a time and is more likely to reduce research bias (ha Moule, 2006).Although the researchers who conducted this study provide limited information as well as not providing information related to the selected questions, the methods used to collect data are appropriate.Reliability and validity of data collection method deployed in the study is important because it contributes to the credibility of the data collected as well as the research outcomes. As proposed by Polit Beck (2006), a valid and current instrument used to measure what is expected and is also able to provide consistent reading is considered as the ideal tool for measurement. Therefore, a valid instrument measures what it is vatic to measure and a veritable instrument measures what it is supposed to measure (Robson, 2002).Participants of this study are divided into six groups which consisted of nursing students from inaugural to 6th semester. Out of the total number of student s who took part (597), only 315 randomly selected students who attended the lecture took part. As all students who were invited to participate in the study consensusly agreed, the response rate was 100%. However, the response rate of the overall student population was 53%, of which 18% consisted of male and 82% of female. Questionnaires were distributed to students from outset semester, second semester, third semester, fourth part semester, fifth semester to sixth semester. The mean age for first to third semester students are 27 years old, 29 years for fourth semester students, 28 years for fifth semester and 32 years for sixth semester. look on match for the motivation of the entire semester is 6.3. Figure 1 shows the motivation score for each semester.The researchers have taken the necessary effort to comply with introductory ethical principles while conducting research by obtaining create verbally permission from participants. One of the crucial obligations when conducting human related research is to obtain written permission. scripted permission means that the subjects have adequate information about the study, the ability to understand the information and provided with optional choices which mean that it is up to the subject whether to volunteer or reject the invitation to participate in the study (Polit Hungler, 1993). As stated by Lahmeyer (2006), the process of getting the written permission including which all participants are obligated to go through all the stages presented in the clinical study. The written permission processes inform the participants about the objectives of the study, procedures involved, risks that may exist and also benefit of the study.No measure was taken to ensure the privacy of participants involved in the study. Each participant is only precondition a letter of written permission. However, no physical danger, discomfort or psychological stress might interfere in the study. Participants are not deceived in any way p ossible because they are fully aware and conscious while take part in the study. The study was approved by the Institute of the University which involved in the study but it is not monitored by any Institutional review Board or any ethics committee of its kind.Based on the research article, the results of the study was clearly and systematically presented. It is both reliable and valid. According to Gerrish and Lacey (2006), reliability is a term that reflects the consistency and reproducibility of a measurement, while validity is the actual level of instruments and procedures to ensure what is measured. The researchers conducted a specific discussion about their study and clearly outline the significance of the findings of the study. carry over 1 provide information on categories of data. A category can be measured as either positive value category or negative value category.The study is considered as valid and reliable because during the analysis phase the two researchers have taken their effort to independently perform analysis and later compare the analysis. Thus, the influence of personal perception of the researchers related to the study can be avoided and they are also fully aware of the risks found in the research process. All data is stored in an information base and study by using the Statistical Package for the Sciences (SPSS random variable 14.0). Data are divided into categories similar to the categories in the questionnaire where statistical deliberation performed were including frequency counts, mean, percentages and other standard statistical counts.Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis Test was used when comparability the graded motivation between semesters. Mantel test was applied for likeness between gender and motivation where background variables included. Further data were analyzed according to gender perspective with motivation score between 6 as well as the extreme score of 0 or 10. Reliability of the accuracy of these instruments refl ects the true nature of the review score. Open end questions in the questionnaires were analyzed systematically by analyzing oral or written data so that a specific phenomenon can be visualize and quantified into categories of low content but interrelated in terms of similar meaning.The results of the study were presented in table format. One figure and three tables presented for each different result. The results of the study are considered as well presented since the results were clearly indicated and supported by figures and tables. Apart from that, statistical analysis is also done well. In Figure 1, researchers focused on motivational score for each semester where scores were found to be significantly different for each semester. In defer 1, the researchers focused on the formulation of existing categories of data after the analysis was performed. A category is measured as either positive value or negative value. Each subject of the study may provide more than one reason for their graded motivational scores. In Table 2, researchers have identified a low rate of motivation with a frequency score of 6.The authors also stated the limitations found while conducting the study. As stated by Polit Beck (2006), a reviewer should be careful if the discussion fails to state any limitation of the study. Conducting a research is the best political party to detect and assess the impact of the lack of sampling, practical constraints, quality problems and so on and it is indeed a professional reliability to inform readers about these problems. The researchers included both report of the expected results and unexpected results. Limitations of study are the use of scale in positioning. It can be seen as a limitation because it only grade views on the motivation of students. The limitations in compare students from different semesters lies within the students themselves, such as undertaking the same curriculum, study at the same university and there was no change in the organization during the period of learning.The results of this study show potential, but further research is required in order to yield more positive results before any dramatic changes regarding nursing student performance recommendations can take place in Malaysia. The objective was to analyze the degree of motivation of nursing students from different semesters of learning and identify the reasons behind the motivation grade. This study has shown that most nursing students grade their motivations differently yet positively. However, during the first three semesters of learning, their grades show a positive and quite similar in pattern. Afterwards there was a slight difference between the fourth semester to sixth semester. Figure 1 shows the mean distribution quite well. Mc Evan Goldenberg (1999) considers motivation is to be given high grades for first and last semester, which marks their fresh college entry and also right before they start entering the working environment. This study draws maintenance to the needs of the students to understand the situation and their needs for tutorial support. Nurses who made clinical decisions based on scientific information document is professionally reliable and also help nurses to establish their professional identity. In view of the students being the subject of the study, it is more likely to influence them in a more positive attitude and encourage them to give positive statements when responding to open-ended questions. According to Bandura A (1982), the ability of students to assess their own competence and capability is a motivational factor which gives a positive impact.The study shows the importance of providing tutorial support for students in a broader perspective other than academic achievement. This can be implemented by promoting flexibility in planning personal learning program (Janhonen Vanhanan, 2000). It also emphasizes the responsibilities of lecturers and universities to provide support to stu dents, especially when they are less motivated to study which consequently affect their academic performance. However, the publication of the research findings does not guarantee that practitioners will use the techniques described in the study (Gerrish Lacey, 2006). Achieving evidence-based practice is a complex responsibility.With the presence of strong evidence to support any changes in practice, the reason behind it being rough to implement the findings should be explored. According to ha Moule (2006), practical reasons act as a barrier to the implementation of the study, including not working in a similar culture where debate, review and critical awareness is something that is encouraged, and also a working culture that does not encourage any changes. Certain terms and conditions are essential for the implementation of successful evidence-based practice. It includes the establishment of practices that encourage knowledge application, a system that supports practitioners acce ss to knowledge and practitioners who are willing to review their practices and consider other alternatives to it. Individuals who work within the establishment and environment of such practices will be able to see that knowledge-based practices will increase positive outcomes, proving a sense of professionalism and enhance job satisfaction (Barsteiner, 1996).However, different studies have also reported strong barriers that limit utilization of research. Barsteiner (1996) has said that the most often reported constraint is the insufficient level of authority to implement changes in practice, inadequate administrative support, difficulty in obtaining access to the results of the study and the discomfort of staff to critique research findings in determining the clinical relevance of the study.According to the authors, their study shows that there is a need to increase nursing students motivation. There were also nursing students who merely graded their motivation as being positive a nd distributed the similar grades evenly during their entire pedagogy period. The most important motivational factor is the intrinsic factor and goal-oriented, which is to bring forth a nurse. Nursing students did mentioned intrinsic factor motivation as an explanation to their degree of motivation. These results emphasize the need to understand their situation and needs for students tutorial support. Restructuring programs should be designed in partnership with students to match the course content with the degree of motivation during different academic years. In our prospective study, we will monitor and observe the degree of motivation on a group of students in one class during their three years of learning.In future, we expect nurses to be more motivated, being comfortable and dedicated to their job, being come to with sincerity, able to identify the underlying problem or problems that may suffered by client and subsequently develop research-based strategies. There is a strong motivation among nurses to apply research findings into evidence-based nursing practice. In the effort of reducing cost, the result which is client-oriented is increasingly becoming the focus of health care. Whenever health care is given and provided based on the most excellent current evidence, intervention will become more effective and improve client results. Without a doubt, public debate in inevitable, but we have to practice what we believe without feeling guilty. According to Klosser T. (2005), a combination of good evidence paired with a broad experience would produce a good practice. This is also the reason why the findings of this study is important to be analyzed as well as trying to understand the level of nursing students motivation , especially at the location where study was conducted by researchers.In my view as a provider of health services, we are encouraged to read more journals and conduct online searching to find reliable and valid research and evidence based articles. Health care professionals and nurses should find solutions, options and results to achieve an effective patient care. Polit, Beck Hungers (2001) said that a professional health worker should read more and able to think critically, able to apply theories based on reliable evidence and must attend professional seminars in the effort to promote utilizations of the research results. Thus, the Nursing Association can start promoting evidence-based practice in nursing practice through continuing professional development, such as consecutive Medical Education and Continuous Nursing Education (CME and CNE).Paradigm flip-flop in health care is now more focused on evidence based practice (EBP) and act as guidance in reaching healthcare decisions. Rycroft-Malone et al. (2004) emphasized that the best evidence intergrated knowledge from various sources including research, clinical experience, patients and clients testimonials and also the local context. The need to integrate knowle dge from various sources is essential because research evidence should be aligned with the experience and preference of patient.(4013 words)