Civil War Sectionalism :: essays research papers

North and South The United States of America, the great democratic experiment, was just that. Not since the great Greek culture had a government of, for, and by the people existed. The entire world felt up, that on a large scale, democracy would inevitably lead to anarchy our founding fathers were determined to prove them wrong. But as the political stand off with the British became a secession materialization, a great issue split the future nation. Slavery, a southern necessity, both fond and economic, threatened the unity of our nation. A nation that would one day be the greatest the world had ever known. During the development of the thirteen colonies, diversity set in early. In the south the temperate climate made the growth of tobacco a suitable and very profitable business. Cultivation of this crop required a lot of land, and therefore settlers lived far apart. Northern Colonies, though, were much much dependent on small farms, with closely knit communities. These differen ces were the seed of a sectional persona that would plague the nation for a century. During the late seventeenth century, this fissure in the ideals of the colonies became apparent. Following the constant political irreverence from Britain, a majority of colonial representatives felt the need for independence. The Declaration of Independence was the document written to do this. It called for an abolition of slavery as well as freedom from British rule. Unfortunately, the South would control nothing of it. Being strong defenders of states rights, most of the Southern states adhered to their believe in a government less like a supreme authority and more like a dominion of independent states. They would rather stay loyal to their oppressive government than participate in one that shunned their way of life. In commit to keep their dreams of independence, they North was forced to make the one cession they did not wish to make. In order to keep a unified nation, the slavery issue was d eliberately absent from the Declaration. Some of the Northern delegates were outraged, but none more than John Adams. A renowned proponent of equal rights, he was one of a couple of(prenominal) that saw the irony in establishing a free society without freeing those in bondage. John Adams seems now more like Nostrodamus when he voiced his anxiety about the slavery issue for future generations. He did not know it, but the couldnt have been more right.

Lesson Plans for Educators :: Teaching Technology Internet Essays

Lesson Plans for EducatorsI will be graduating with a Liberal Studies Major. I will hopefully be teaching in September but I have a dilemma, I am afraid of non having enough lessons to get me started. My other fear is not having free rein lessons to teach. I work at an Elementary school now and there is a teacher that I work with that doesnt know the meaning of fun activities that sight yield great knowledge from them. I will never forget my favorite teacher, Mr. Protho. He loved making our class a fun and excite place to be. We would do Shakespeare plays throughout the year. He could take any subject and make it fun. Still to this day I call and ask him for advice when making lesson plans for school. in that location are many resources where one who is becoming a teacher can reign. There are books, magazines, in-services, seminars, other mint and of course the Internet. The Internet is something that I was kind of afraid of because of the fact that it was foreign to me. New territory is something that frightens me. I have used the Internet for reasons such as research for papers but not for pleasure. I have heard a lot of controversy about the Internet and how people pretend they are someone else and fool children and other people whom they are chatting with. For this reason, I am quite hesitant to try talking to people in the chat rooms. I am hoping that the Internet can provide me with lesson plans and other activities that I can use in the classroom. Trying to connect to Netscape from home was very difficult. I had many problems connecting and no one to ask. I gave up and ran to school to use the computers there. The computer finally worked at CSUN. I used the engine server named Yahoo. I sheathd educational lesson plans. It gave me 33 files. I began searching them to find the one with the most lessons to choose from. The first couple of them were not very helpful. I began to think that this is not going to be easy topic and peradventure I should switch topics. But I told myself be patient and continue looking. I finally decided to go around the topic and just type LAUSD which gave me the web site. I entered the web site and found a lot of information about the LAUSD system but no lesson plans.

Loss Of Freedom Through Apathy :: essays research papers

Loss of Freedom Through ApathyWe do have freedom in this country but we merely choose to ignore it. We livein a democracy, the most just kind of government, where we the pack holdsupreme power. It is an institution that is a culmination of revolutions, wars,philosophies and heroes. It is the capital and proudest government in theworld. One reason for this is that Americans have a right citizens of Iraq andChina and North Korea only dreamed they could have. It took one of the greatestmilitary epics in history for our Founding Fathers to receive this right. Ittook the marching of thousands for women to achieve this right. It took 400years of abuse for blacks to finally to win this right. It is the highest andpurest form of freedom of speech and as Americans it is our bingle most powerfulinstrument of self government. It is the American vote and in this Presidentialelection it is a right 250 million chose to ignore.This year I had the great opportunity to volunteer my services to the Democraticparty. I was excited to work for the Democrats because it was my first everexperience involved with the election. For 17 years I stood as a commonbystander to this great American tradition. Volunteering my hours made me feellike I was part of something important.Mostly my work consisted of random polling. I would call volume up between thehours of 7 and 9 P.M. and remove them a few questions about the election. Withevery call I hoped for the best, but it seemed that I was calling people at thetime they were most irritable. Most would simply hang up, leaving with a polite"Oh, Im not interested." Others acted militantly to my calling, slamming thephone in disgust. It startled and in a way disheartened me, the way many of thepeople I polled seemed totally apathetic to the political world around us. Tome, spending a minute say questions about the future of politics did notseem like too much to ask at all. Yet it continued."Hello Im calling on behalf of your congresswoman Bob Toricelli. Id like to aska few questions.""Im sorry Im really busy right now. I cant talk." *click"Hello Im calling on behalf of your illustration Bob Toricelli. Id like to aska few questions.""Not interested" *click"Hello Im calling on behalf of your congressman Bob Toricelli. Id like to aska few questions.""Im tired of hearing about this election." *clickIf I was calling from a telephone company or some other incorporated monster

Church Reform :: European Europe History

Church ReformThe Reformation of European religion in the 16th century can non be generally attributed to the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance. Although the peasants apothegm bishops and abbots as part of a wealthy and oppressive ruling class and rebelled against the Roman Catholic Church for reasons primarily pertaining to the lavish adornments used by those aforementi sensationd, their creator was not great enough, nor did their reasons carry enough clout to start a reformation movement throughout Europe that job was accomplished by those already having some, however small, social or religious power, such as the monk Martin Luther, the accomplished priest and lawyer Jean Cauvin, and King Henry VIII of England. The Lutheran and Calvinist Reformations were very similar in principle, although the Lutheran Reformation was less widespread. Luther and Calvin held that not mere abuses of the Roman Catholic Church needed correcting, but that the Catholic Church itself was wrong i n principle. Luthers cause for reformation of 16th century European religion came from his unnatural paranoia that he was damned. He had problems convincing himself that his spirit was unmingled and that he would go to heaven internal distress raged within him about the awful omnipotence of God, his own insignificant existence in comparison, and his apprehensiveness of the devil. His personal problems would not yield to the existing manners of assuring oneself that he/she was headed for heaven such as sacraments, alms, prayer attendance at Mass, and assorted good works. Luther solved the problem, however, by believing that good works were the consequence and external evidence of an inner grace, but in no way the cause of this grace. He felt that if one had faith in themselves, the religion, and God, then good works would manifest themselves because of it. This was Luthers doctrine of justification by faith. Luther was then involved in various events that provided for the spreading of Lutheranism, albeit sometimes indirectly. The agitation that Lutheranism was creating throughout Europe had revolutionary side effects where the reforming religious spirit was mistaken for that of a social and economic one, especially in Germany in the 1520s. A league of imperial knights, adopting Lutheranism, attacked their neighbors, the church-states of the Rhineland, hoping by annexations to enlarge their own meager territories. In 1524, the peasants of a large part of Germany revolted due to thoughts stirred up by preachers that took Luthers ideas a little too far anyone could see for himself what was right.

Women in Umuofian Soceity Essay -- essays research papers

Women in Umuofian Society     "It is the woman whose child has been eaten by a witch who best knows the evils of witchcraft." That simple saying place best relate to the experience of women in the Umuofian society. A person good dealnot truly hope to understand how things work unless he or she was there to experience it. And that can apply to learning a new language, a new nuance or learning history. The perspective given from the book Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, states the centering of life without any favoritism towards any particular way of life. Achebe just affirmed that lifestyle as a native would, void of any orthogonal influences. In this case, the male narration focuses not only of the tragedy of Okonkwo, but also how the people around are affected and how in turn the culture affects him. Women seem to play a minor role in everyday life, but their function in the community is just as important as that of the men.       The main role that was given to women was that they belonged in the home and for the most part they were to bee seen and not heard. Their influence and authority do not exist much in that culture, especially for the wives of Okonkwo. A main character in the novel, Okonkwo has several wives. Okonkwo presided over all of his wives and children with a heavy hand. When Ikemefuna comes to live in Okonkwos household, the first wife questions the distance of the boys stay. In reply he answers, " Do ...

The Motivation for the Crucifixion of Jesus :: essays research papers

The Motivation for the Crucifixion of JesusWhy was Jesus executed? In answering this doubt in historical terms, we must first look at the events leading up to his arrest and ultimately, his execution. We know that Jesus performed that symbolic gesture of cleansing the temple, by overturning the currency changers tables, and most believe that this act was symbolic of destruction, not purification. Paula Fredrickson, author of From Jesus to Christ writes Through this disruptive gesture, Jesus symbolically enacted the enpending apocalyptic destruction of the Temple&8230that Gods soil was at hand. So basically, his gesture, as Fredrickson states would have been readily understood by any Jew watching, as a statement that the Temple was about to be unmake by God, and accordingly that the present order was about to cede to the Kingdom of God.So in doing this, Jesus obviously made a lot of commonwealth mad. Most obviously were the chief priests in the temple because he did it during Pas sover (one of the holiest holidays), knowing Pontius Pilate was around for crowd control, and to announce so liberally that the freedom of their people was at hand, would incite a threat to the Roman stronghold. It is known that Pontius Pilate was not a nice guy to begin with, and he was not happy to be in Jerusalem during its most crowded time of the year. Passover is a holiday celebrating the Jews freedom from slavery, so he was there as crowd control. Paula Fredrickson states in an interview He had a reputation for crucifying untried prisoners&8230Pilate was legally responsible to be in Jerusalem when it was most crowded. He was in a bad mood already when he got into town&8230hearing that someone was a trouble maker would be enough. So all he needed to do was find someone to mastermind his frustrations out on. Enter Jesus. The priests basically handed him over to Pilate. In the gospel of Luke, the priests call Jesus a blasphemer. Was he turned over to Pilate because of their des ire to extend the peace, or was it out of jealousy that maybe Jesus knew something they didnt, or was it merely out of ignorance? There is no evidence that he committed some blasphemy, so he was handed over to Pilate for what? He was a threat to the priests stronghold over the temple, if Jesus was right, then there would be no need for them.

The Motivation for the Crucifixion of Jesus :: essays research papers

The Motivation for the Crucifixion of the NazareneWhy was Jesus executed? In answering this question in historical terms, we must first tone at the events leading up to his arrest and ultimately, his execution. We know that Jesus performed that symbolic gesture of cleansing the synagogue, by all overturning the money changers tables, and most believe that this act was symbolic of destruction, non purification. Paula Fredrickson, author of From Jesus to Christ writes Through this disruptive gesture, Jesus symbolically enacted the enpending apocalyptic destruction of the Temple&8230that Gods kingdom was at hand. So basically, his gesture, as Fredrickson states would have been pronto understood by any Jew watching, as a statement that the Temple was intimately to be destroyed by God, and accordingly that the present order was about to cede to the Kingdom of God.So in doing this, Jesus obviously made a lot of people mad. Most obviously were the chief priests in the temple because h e did it during Passover (one of the holiest holidays), knowing Pontius Pilate was around for crowd control, and to announce so liberally that the freedom of their people was at hand, would incite a threat to the Roman stronghold. It is know that Pontius Pilate was not a nice guy to begin with, and he was not happy to be in Jerusalem during its most crowded time of the year. Passover is a holiday celebrating the Jews freedom from slavery, so he was there as crowd control. Paula Fredrickson states in an interview He had a reputation for crucifying untried prisoners&8230Pilate was legally responsible to be in Jerusalem when it was most crowded. He was in a bad mood already when he got into town&8230hearing that someone was a derange maker would be enough. So all he needed to do was find someone to take his frustrations out on. Enter Jesus. The priests basically handed him over to Pilate. In the gospel of Luke, the priests call Jesus a blasphemer. Was he turned over to Pilate because of their desire to keep the peace, or was it out of jealousy that maybe Jesus knew something they didnt, or was it merely out of ignorance? There is no evidence that he committed some blasphemy, so he was handed over to Pilate for what? He was a threat to the priests stronghold over the temple, if Jesus was right, then there would be no need for them.

Reaction to, “My name is Margaret”

This story reminds me of a sad time in our history when the mass of this nation thought they could own another human being. I would uniform to say this time has passed, but we are barely able to hang on. We may have a bi=racial president, but there is still racism among the old south. Margaret was only a child and she was being groomed to be the help. It may have been on different scale verses working in a field, but all the same. She talks about her experience and recalls the heretoforets in such(prenominal) a way that you are taken back and can almost see what she is describing.I love the frames in the essay, Miss Glory having been named Hallelujah. I felt horrible when Mrs. Cullinan changed her name to suit her friends. I do not even change the names of my animals. If they are named already it seems inhuman to call them by a different name. Mrs. Cullinan wanted to change Margaret to make it shorter, but oh my goodness is that ever degrading. The first time Mrs. Cullinan attem pts to call her Mary, Miss Glory asks, WHO? this is funny to me because she is nerve-racking to defend Margaret and express as much sympathetic dislike for the name change. Miss Glory even says she felt sorry for Margaret. I liked how Angelou describe the old traditions that little ladies were trained in learning to dance, sit and sip tea, and embroider. It reminds me of spending time to teach my daughters how to perform regular house hold chores and cook. We like to bake together, but soon my nine year old, Elyssa, will be in the kitchen helping with the cooking.I started my son out kind of the same way. He started with how to cook eggs and boil water for ice tea. In this story Margaret is learning how to work and support herself and family for a living. She will be working in the upper class homes for employment and will have to serve a Lady of the House. In this essay, Angelou also speaks of a Mr. Cullinan and his indiscretions, having not one but two children by a colored wom an. They are quick to sympathize with Mrs. Cullinan, but still did not excuse her for her mannerisms.She even writes a poem about this, hurting and loneness. I would think there would be more understanding, but she is only a child in this story. In the end Mrs. Cullinan did finally agree her name was Margaret and Miss Glory who once felt sorry for Margaret now some what identified with Mrs. Cullinan. Miss Glory must have known before she even asked because she called her Mary. The best part was as Margaret walked out she left the front door open so all would hear the distressed Mrs. Cullinan who married beneath her status.

Gender Differences in Discourse Essay

The ability to communicate with our fellow human beings makes us distinct from other living beings. The chapter has do it very clear that speaking is not conversation. Conversation is a collaborative effort by both the speaker and the listener. Our success much depends on how hale we go off interact with plurality around us. It much depends upon downstairsstanding certain factors called social dynamics in conversation. In the establish Women Talk Too a lot Janet Holmes makes it very clear that it is a wrong notion to think that women jaw more than than men. She says it is an assumption based on stereotypes.On the other hand, she says that it is men who talk more. There is no proof to say that men ar biologically programmed to talk more than women. It is on the dot the social conditions that promoted the wrong notion that boys are more active than girls and they talk more. She says it is entirely disagreeable. I find quite interesting to know that it is boys who interact mo re in the class rooms than the girls. Then, the author claims, how it evoke be said that women talk more than men In the second essay of the chapter, Tony Kornheiser makes a distinction in the communication style of women and that of men.He feels that women are very particular about eachthing and they beget more to say than men have. He makes a point saying that women do not think liveliness is as simple as men believe it to be. A conversation that turns into a lecture is definitely boring as Deborah Tannen points out in the essay Ill Explain It to You. The most frustrating experience for anyone is when a conversation turns into a lecture. I feel it is not only boring to women only likewise equally tedious to men. There has been much literature on gender biased quarrel and there is a gradual change in the theatrical role of phrase to sound neutral.Ronald Macaulay also agrees with Janet Holmes and says that many of the notions are myth and they have no validity scientificall y speaking. It is rather social conditioning that has played a key role in imparting opinions that have no basis. Clive Thompsons essay on how computer software can identify accurately whether the author is a man or woman is quite interesting, His questions the many of the commonly held ideas about the differences between the two sexes. (407 words) Chapter6 Media Speak. What we know about the serviceman is from media only. Our perception of the world is influenced by the media which presents it.The billions of dollars spent on TV ads clearly indicate the power that the media enjoys. Undoubtedly, the advertisements that come on television and newspapers and magazines have tremendous influence on us. inwardly a span of a century there is a great change in the media. Now the world is increasingly dependent on spoken media where as it was by and large written word in the beginning of the last century. With the aim of reaching more number of audiences, the quality of quarrel used i n TV news and shows has become very low. Neil Postman and Steve Powers, rightly point out that the dependence on the image has make a great geological fault in news making.The highly quality visuals have replaced good language with low level popular language. They argue that it is not just language but also our views and opinions about the world are getting corrupted. The general saying is a picture is worth a thousand words but in the present days when news is re-created or re-presented, it is equally true to say that one word is worth a thousand pictures. There is lesser doubt that the language used by the media is aimed at creating sensations to attract more audience. Then, I do believe that it is not exactly what happened i. e. news.The article All the creative activity in Pictures is very interesting and thought provoking. It has clearly explained how the language is used in mass media. It is aptly said that Advertising is the driving force of consumer economy. The world i s filled with advertisements. Wherever there are people, there are advertisements. They appeal to all our weakness creating a world of fancy with eternal youth, power, enriched beauty, fast happiness, and fulfillment of our inner needs. I feel the use of language in creating such emotional appeals is quite amazing. Advertising plays much on the psychology of people.A small fifteen second ad can effectively tempt the people appealing to their emotions by making fantastic appeals and promises. The article With these Words, I can Sell You Anything is very enlightening. It has made it clear how they twist the language to send their message effectively. It is a finely engineered language that creates strong images on the minds of audience. I have found it very exciting to know the how the advertisers play on the people with their language. (419 words) Chapter7 Censorship and Free Speech Freedom of speech is fundamental to American democracy.It enables every American to freely express hi s ideas, opinions and beliefs. Any limits to the freedom of speech are seen as a threat to the rights of Americans. It is interesting to note that the discussion lays emphasis on the equality in enjoying ones rights. No man or woman has the right to hurt the feelings or sentiments of others. It is by respecting others rights that we can enjoy our rights well. The censoring is against the rights given in the constitution. However, it is required in some areas. The censorship and contains, biased language and hate speech and certain limits on campus speech have forgo to interesting debate.The first amendment has not only given the right to express ideas freely but it also has given the right to know others ideas. The censorship on books has been a much debated issue with different opinions. It is beyond my understanding why some books are banned totally and some are censored. When a book raises questions that lead to controversy and debate, it forget help people to know what exact ly the truth is. Banning is not the solution for it. The controversy over Harry putter books, which have attracted millions of children all over the world, seems pointless.Censorship on books is dangerous as it blocks all new creative and original ideas. Censorship on biased language and hate speech is quite useful as it raises many questions in the practical use of language. It is very difficult and almost impossible to classify what makes a hate speech and biased language. I feel it is highly impossible to make a law in the absence of any valid principles regarding what comes under biased language and hate speech. Sometimes, the words may be good but the tone in which they are delivered could be full of hatred.Censorship on free speech on the campus has some good in it, as it reduces misunderstanding among the students who come different parts of the world. The campus is a place where tolerance is mostly needed. The rules prohibiting certain speech acts is good for the minority s tudents. But it does not guarantee that no racist speech is ever heard on the campuses. (378 words) Chapter -8 The side of meat lyric poem Debate The debate whether English should be made positive language of the US or not, is very interesting bringing out valid arguments on both the sides.The United States, the nation of immigrants, respects cultural differences of people coming from different countries. Respecting other languages, the US has not declared English as the official language. I find it very great quality of the American people for their respect other cultures. It shows their multi cultural tolerance and national unity. The unity of American people has come more from their like mindedness in political and social values and self respect than from having one language. The discussion on what is Standard English has made it clear how different forces work on language.Robert MacNeil has explored well what makes American English and what exactly it is. The argument for Sta ndard English has its own merits with clear focus on clarity in thinking and what we are saying. It argues for care and caution in the use of language as it is central for identifying an individual. If a person neglects his language and uses it causally, it will not help him or her in the long run. As the author has rightly put it casualization everything in culture has led to casual attitude to language use as well. The growing relaxation of language is one of the major concerns of linguists.The scholars and grammarians who prescribe rules on how language should be used are rightly called Prescriptivists. Especially, potty Simon, who is called the Prince of Prescriptivists, holds the view that the present day language is poor, unhealthy and hopeless. He represents those who argue for perfect use of language as it helps you to communicate clearly what you are. It is with the use of language only that a person can show his distinction. If the distinction is lost, he or she will be among many who can not say clearly what they mean.It becomes a serious challenge. I feel there should be certain principles which can not be sacrificed in the use of language. The Descriptivists, on the other hand, just describe how the language is used by people. They do not dictate any rules regarding how English should be used. They are permissive and tolerate the new expressions and the informality in expressions. They argue that a language is called a living language only when it is spoken. When it is spoken it is natural to have changes in the language as no two people can pronounce the same word in the same way.They are free to allow new words into English as change the law of life and of language. It shows tolerance towards people who speak the same language with some regional differences. There are many examples when the language of the color people is accepted by the grammarians and included in the dictionaries. It helps the language to grow and reflect the present day c ulture. The fears about what will happen to American English seem justified, but nobody can stop the changes that take place in society. I feel the changes in English are an indication of changes in society, and language is just reflecting the same. (534 words)

Use Of Web Technologies In Education Education Essay

The purpose of this essay is to research the attainable exercise of net 2.0 engineers as a larning instrument in higher knowledge, to set up what lineations should be apply to maximise the possible benefits of vane 2.0.I will analyze some instances to analyse the web 2.0 schemes which dupe been taken in instruction and scholarship. In peculiar, I will turn to the strategic deductions of web 2.0 applied sciences in brook uping pupil learning.IntroductionThe nature of instruction and eruditeness has ever been linked with the nature of the engineering science used in any historical period. In the age of orality or pre authorship, instruction was preponderantly unrehearsed and train was the l whizz manner of communicating. As citizenry moved from orality to composing civilization, their thought created civilizations with alone features that were different from orality civilization ( Ong 1982 ) .In the age of mug civilization, science was obtained and disseminated w ell utilizing engineering. The approach major power of information in the print civilization has led to progresss in topics such(prenominal) as scientific discipline as bookmans were able to portion their information.The technological partments of the industrial revolution alike changed the creative occupation and airing of cognition as instructors used the printed stuffs and text editions to reassign cognition and information to a group of scholars. Ong ( 1982 ) get around the primary unwritten civilization ( public communicating and speaking ) from second-string orality civilization which developed by communicating media such as Radio which accentnate sound. The secondary orality includes elements from both the authorship and the orality civilization. He states that secondary orality civilization atomic number 18 empathic, foster a strong sense of rank in a group, and unite people in groups whereas composing promotes distance between readers and writers. Therefore, seconda ry orality is a societal manner of dateing the sentiments of early(a)s through duologue and edifice relationships which atomic number 18 different from print civilization which isolates people. A theoretical account of secondary orality scum bag be presented in instruction and larning utilizing web 2.0 tools.This provides chance to incorporate some facets of authorship and unwritten features utilizing web 2.0 technologies.Web 2.0 engineerings pull in many features of secondary orality which includes the treatments about the subjects of concerns which atomic number 18 close to the human action and through duologue and interactions pupils and instructors are able to portion their sentiments.For illustration, Downes ( 2004 ) utilise web 2.0 schemes to climb communicating and sharing cognition among pupils. He integrated some facets of authorship and unwritten features in his instruction through web logs and go forth chances for pupils to non plainly use information but besi des create and portion content. First, he created a web log to print information and cater resources for pupils which are similar to textbooks that cast effectiveness and ownership on printing information ( composing and print civilization ) . Second, he besides used web logs to allow the chance for pupils to discourse about specific subjects and range to collective understanding which is similar to secondary orality civilization in which pupils were able to enlist in talk and portion their sentiments. Web 2.0 has the possible to integrate some facets of authorship and orality activities in enounce to heighten acquisition and instruction However, disrespect many benefits of web 2.0 in instruction, a figure of surveies provide intellect in which instructors failed to eternal sleep active interaction among pupils ( eg Lankshear & A Knobel,2003 ) . Therefore, it appears apprehensible that successful customs duty of web 2.0 engineerings require schemes in order to take adva ntages of these tools.Potential benefits of web 2.0 engineeringsMcClintock ( 1992, p42 ) argues that the print system has dominated instruction for the past five centuries and the physical nature of books necessarily influences the manner that pedagogues organise education.Ong ( 1982 ) states that although the instruction has been deeply affected by print civilization but the coming of electronic communicating that introduce a secondary orality bind a silent on instruction. Similarly, McLuhan ( 1957 ) argues that the development of communicating tools would transform formal instruction. However, such anticipations about the transmutation potency of engineering have failed to come true. Cuban ( 1993 ) argues that many educational claims were made for each new engineering and later each claim was disproved by new developments. Cuban states that the engineering has been ignored by many instructors despite extended investing in engineering. Furthermore, he provides two drive why engi neering has non changed the instruction. Firse, cultural beliefs sing instruction and acquisition, 2nd, the print paradigm of the 19th light speed has shaped the instruction.However, despite consequenceant investings in ICT in instruction in last 10 old ages, it had a small impact in educational patterns. This was in portion due to confusion about why we want to utilize ICT, and what we want to accomplish, and how we want to utilize ICT with respect to limitations exists in instruction. As Cloke ( 2001, p8 ) states teachers are being encouraged to learn old cognition with new engineerings . However, implementing web 2.0 engineerings require schemes in order to call down instruction and acquisition. Richardson ( 2004 ) implemented web 2.0 schemes in his instruction and acquisition to promote pupils to prosecute in an on-line treatment utilizing web log engineering. He besides provided existent activities in order to advance sharing cognition among pupils and teachers.He invited t he parents and writers to portion and take fragmentise in the treatment of The Secret Life of Bees . He found that web logs enable pupils to prosecute in conversation, think more critically, reflect on their acquisition and construct their relationships with capables and instructors ( Richardson, 2006 ) . Richardson besides found that web logs helped loath pupils to portion their sentiments in category, and integrated in the acquisition community. Therefore, to advancing communicating and sharing cognition among pupils, instructors consider to implement schemes in order to promote pupils to take part in cooperative activities.Lifelong acquisition and web 2.0 engineeringThe possible benefits of web 2.0 engineerings lie in their capacity to ease collaboration, connect instructors, pupils, and experts unitedly to portion their cognition. The European committee ( 2006 ) supply a set of grounds for utilizing information engineering in instruction in a manner that encourage usage of web 2.0 engineerings. They province that the universities need to portion excellence in research and instruction and supply sufficient entree to resources. Web 2.0 engineerings provide the chance for pedagogues to shape cooperatively careless of geographical boundaries and supply entree to a ample scope of resources which support life long larning. It besides allows users to lam collaboratively and portion their cognition. There is a important accent on educational policy in back uping womb-to-tomb acquisition. Brophy, Craven and fisher ( 1998 ) specify the construct of womb-to-tomb acquisition as follows life long acquisition is a deliberate, patterned advance throughout the life of an person, where the initial acquisition of cognition and accomplishments is reviewed and upgraded continuously, to run into challenges set by an of all time altering society ( p.1 ) . It is hence clear that life long learning requires the development of cognition, accomplishments, and values thr oughout our life. These accomplishments and competences can be achieved through coaction and sharing our experiences and cognition. Delors ( 1996 ) determine four pillars of womb-to-tomb acquisition acquisition to cognize, larning to make, larning to populate together, and larning to be ( p.37 ) . He emphasises on larning to populate together as the foundation of instruction and discourse that by working together we can understand the sentiments of former(a)s and portion our jobs and involvements, develop our communicating, societal accomplishments, and critical thought and take the personal duty for our ends and larning. To advance life long acquisition, pupils, and instructors need to hold sufficient and easy entree to resources, being collaborative and being able to build and portion their cognition. Wanger ( 2004 ) argues that there are a demand for cognition creative activity and sharing through duologue with inquiries and replies. Furthermore, he distinguishes between deman ds of cognition users and cognition Godheads. He demonstrates that in grammatical construction cognition, users need to happen relevant information, obtain the cognition, and happen ripe(p) quality of the beginnings. In footings of demands of cognition Godheads. He states that new cognition should be created, collected and disseminated as rapidly possible to work out jobs because cognition transition quickly. Therefore, web 2.0 have the capacity to make, gaining control and portion our cognition. Will Richardson ( 2006, weblog ) writes The good intelligence for all of us is that today, anyone can go a womb-to-tomb scholar. ( Yes, rase you. ) These engineerings are user friendly in a manner that engineerings have non been in the yesteryear. You can be up and blogging in proceedingss, redacting wikis in seconds, doing podcasts in, well, less habilitate than you d believe. It s non hard at all to be an active subscriber in this society of writing we are constructing ( n.p ) .The se surveies indicate that web 2.0 engineering provide chance for people to be womb-to-tomb scholars and maintain up to day of the month with developments in subjects of their involvements. In peculiar, web 2.0 tools can back up larning and sea captain development in a life long learning by offering entree to a huge assortment of larning content that can supplement initial preparation. Learning is non merely about utilizing new tools to entree information and sharing our cognition, it is besides about utilizing the engineering to develop our acquisition and work out jobs. However, the chief challenge for instruction is non engineering it is our cultural and pedagogical beliefs. The chief biggest challenges in utilizing web 2.0 engineering harmonizing to Becta s web 2.0 researches ( 2008 ) is how to promote pupils to prosecute actively in making and sharing cognition. The undermentioned subdivision provides an oerview on web 2.0 schemes which have been taken at universities to ease acquisition.Case surveies and Web 2.0 schemesFranklin and Harmelen ( 2007 ) look into the usage of a scope of societal package tools in higher instruction analyzing the schemes which have been taken in implementing web 2.0 at four UK universities Warwick, Leeds, Brighton, and Edinburgh.They besides identified several jobs and issues associated with implementing web 2.0 engineerings.The University of Brigton implemented web 2.0 schemes to advance societal and community webs among pupils and instructors. One of the chief findings was that part of professionals to larning and learning were slow. They besides found that there were some inappropriate stations among pupils which have been disappeared due to peer force per unit area.The University of Edinburgh implemented web 2.0 schemes such as utilizing web logs and RSS provenders alternatively of newssheets, utilizing societal bookmarking to ease the direction of class cubic decimeter reading lists in a collaborative manner and furnis h podcasts as portion of support stuffs ( p.12 ) .The university high vagrant the importance of run intoing demands of pupils kind of than choosing best tools.The Warwick University besides implemented web log engineering to heighten instruction and acquisition. One of the chief findings was that web logs have positively changed societal interaction among pupils and staff but instructors were a spot slow on incorporating the tools into their instruction. Some pupils used web log for societal activities and other pupils used web logs for academic authorship such as book reviews ( P.9 ) .John Dale, Head of IT service in Warwick s university in Guardian article ( 2005 ) states that the captive for implementing web 2.0 tools were self printing for all . Furthermore, John states that we need to be open head about web logs.There is tonss of other ways of back uping observation and personal development, or community and coaction ( n.p ) . Therefore, instructors motive and pedagogi cal beliefs about the demands of pupils whitethorn act upon the manner they choose and design the content. A figure of surveies have shown that the successful execution of educational engineerings depends on the attitudes of pedagogues, who make up ones mind how to utilize engineering in their schoolroom.Downes ( 2005 ) as cited in Franklin & A Harmelen ( 2007 ) states that acquisition is characterised non merely by peachyer liberty for the scholar, but besides a capaciouser accent on active acquisition with creative activity, communicating and engagement playing cardinal functions, and on altering functions for the instructor, so even a prostration of the differentiation between instructors and pupil together . Therefore, instructors have of import function to supply picks that allow pupils develop their ain involvements.The University of Leeds implemented web 2.0 schemes to in promote instruction and larning.They provide developing Sessionss and workshops for back uping pupi ls and instructors. This scheme helped instructors to concentrate more on new ways of instruction and presenting information to pupils. It besides helped pupils to go familar with web 2.0 functionality before get downing the class.In a degree class at the section of classics at the University of Leeds, Green ( 2009 ) used the wiki engineering in his ancient Roman faith faculty to affect pupils in the creative activity of the stuffs they deliberate in the schoolroom, and go more active participants in their group undertaking. He was positive about utilizing the wiki in-group undertaking and identified several benefits of utilizing the wiki. These benefits include edifice a acquisition community constructing a deeper apprehension of the class, flexibleness in footings of location in which everyone can work at any clip and any topographical point and easy to put up and run the collaborative undertaking. Of the possible advantages listed supra, the coach considers measuring the singl e part of pupil in-group undertaking as a job in his faculty. Another job was that the member of the groups had entree to their ain site, and they did non lend to the work of other groups. The coach besides was concerned about piracy in which leting pupils to reexamine the work of other groups may be alluring pupils to take the thoughts of other groups, peculiarly for the Roman Religion undertaking where there was no secondary literature.Web 2.0 engineering demand a alteration in our attitudes toward the content, authorization of beginning and making materials.Web 2.0 engineering is a tool that aid scholars deport their thoughts, analyze information, think critically and through these procedure pupils are able to acknowledge undependable information..Web 2.0 provide chance for pupils to portion their sentiments and do determination together about the credibleness of information and right of first publication stuffs.On the other manus, some argue that there is no cardinal editor in printing content in web logs and wikis and therefore they can non be considered believable because it published by people which there are no control over contents ( eg Bolous, 2006 ) .The function of instructors in web 2.0 engineeringAugar, N.Raitman, R.Zhou, W ( 2004 ) investigated the ways in which societal package applications used in Deakin University, Australia. The Deakin University adopted the successful iceboat exercise to the wiki engineering to ease communicating and coaction among pupils every bit good as aid pupils to acquire used to the web 2.0 engineering before the collaborative authorship undertakings start. The consequences of a study by Deakin University in 2003 shows that the deficiency of interaction with equals and teachers were the chief jobs in larning online. Therefore, the university implemented web 2.0 schemes to develop societal interaction and collaborative accomplishments among ICT pupils.Augar et Al ( 2004 ) reported that the pupils participated in an iceboat activity and introduced themselves to one another by posting their inquiries and replies. Students shared their thoughts with other groups through duologue with inquiries and reply. The benefits of iceboat activity harmonizing to Augar achieved through the engagement in and usage of wikis.The benefits included interaction and facilitation of communicating with equals and doing the work easily. As discussed by Augar et Al ( 2004 ) , the pupils were more interested in inquiries associate to the linguistic communication and the cultural background of one another and from this sharing experience, pupils were able to do new friends.Based on the earlier work of Freire on critical teaching method, Shor ( 1993 ) province that instructors need to pose jobs derived from pupil life, societal issues, and academic topics, in a reciprocally created dialogueainviting pupils to believe critically about sufficient mattera the acquisition procedure itself, and their society ( p.25 ) Theref ore, the type of activity is of import to prosecute pupils to join forces with one another. As Bower and Woo ( 2006 ) found, there is a correlation between the types of activities with collaborative acquisition. Forte and Bruckman s ( 2006 ) findings confirm Bower s research by showing that reliable undertakings are of import in prosecuting pupils to work collaboratively and lend to the work of their peers.Therefore, instructors have of import function to plan activities that encourage coaction and experimentation.The coachs besides took several schemes to guarantee security of the wiki content. First, they set simple usage guidelines within posting page and every times pupils made a station on the wiki, the guidelines appeared on their page. Second, they monitored the wiki entree and redacting content to forestall pupils from posting shrewd abuse and omission. The coachs use the wiki engineering for posting stuffs and information and leave messages to assist pupils to read and po rtion their thoughts. This attack helps to make full the spread of larning between pupils by supplying on-line resources and information. Students need equal information for sharing and edifice cognition ( Wanger 2004 ) .Coachs besides presented themselves socially into group of pupils through posting their images on the wiki sites.This scheme helped pupils to add their image to user page and go more motivated to take part in utilizing wiki technology.The nature of wikis besides provide chance for coachs to carry off how frequently participants see a wiki system, whether they read the information and whether they are lending on a peculiar topic.They besides introduce the regulations for making and redacting content and coaction. Harmonizing to, Johnson and smith ( 1991 ) , the coachs have of import function in making the class conditions, set uping an online community and engage pupils to be active participants. It is of import that instructors set regulations for illustration, pu pil essential post their thoughts on the group before the group begin work on a collaborative activity. Johnson farther province that coachs need to supply equal resources and monitor coaction among pupils and give remarks in order to steer students.They besides province that quality such as feedback and trust are of import in collaborative activities and promoting pupils to take part. Teachers need schemes to assist scholars to intercommunicate on and prosecute more efficaciously with their equals. For illustration instructors need to keep effectual relationships with pupils to prosecute them in coaction and making content. They besides need to affect in treatments with pupils.One of the indispensable function of instructors in the 21 century is to fix scholars to take part in socially organised activities.The function of instructors is of import in order to promote pupils to reflect on their ain and their equals by inquiring inquiries that seek grounds and grounds.Teachers besid es need to measure and supervise single pupils and supply feedback to them. Web 2.0 requires new schemes for measuring collaborative acquisition. Teachers besides need to offer pupil a credit/ class for their part. This may assist pupils to take part and besides curtail the possibility of one individual making all the work on the group. These schemes are of import because some pupils may make non desire to portion their work with others.Raman and Ryan ( 2005 ) states that a scaling policy is of import when utilizing engineering to make cognition and promote pupils to take part. Therefore, web 2.0 engineering requires new schemes for measuring pupils. Using web 2.0 besides require a alteration in function of instructors from authorization to steer and ease acquisition. Teachers need to travel from the conventional instruction methods to methods that engage pupils in activities that create new cognition.The function of pupils have to alter from being a inactive dependant scholar to an active and independent scholar. With the web 2.0 engineering, pupils need to be active in making and sharing content with collaborative accomplishments instead than devouring information. They have to take duty for their work and reflect on their acquisition every bit good as assist each other to develop their acquisition by sharing their cognition. Deci and Ryan ( 2002 ) province that to heighten the fulfilment of liberty in scholars, it is of import to give them chances for pick, executing personal ends, values and inspiration. Implementing such attack is non easy. This is because instruction system is capable to many external force per unit areas and they are non able to fulfill the demands of pupils.The instance surveies demonstrate that Webs 2.0 have great potency for back uping acquisition. In peculiar, web 2.0 provides the chance for making and sharing cognition. It besides allows users to prosecute in conversation and support each other. web 2.0 besides support personalizat ion. Social package applications can be used as a tool for sharing cognition and personal learning.For illustration, web logs can be used as an single home page for hive awaying personal resources and societal activities.However, despite many benefits of web 2.0 engineerings in instruction, the instance surveies indicate that a figure of instructors failed to ease active interaction among students.Pelgrum ( 2003 ) argue that a assortment of alterations must be implemented to optimise instructors use of information communicating engineering alterations in teaching method, redesigning the appraisal, supplying chance for liberty, supplying instructors with sufficient support, supplying equal clip for instructors to develop new accomplishments and research the integrating of ICT into their instruction patterns, supplying formal and informal communities of pattern and equal webs.However, implementing web 2.0 engineerings depends on following conditions Web 2.0 functionality, their fittin gness for peculiar activities tantrum for the purpose- and the users cognition of the tools used. ( B ) the beliefs and attitudes toward web 2.0 engineerings ( C ) The users cognition and accomplishments in making and sharing cognition ( D ) supplying support and appropriate guidelines for utilizing web 2.0 engineerings and the function of instructors and their abilities to promote pupils to make and portion their cognition. ( E ) A civilization of openness( A ) Web 2.0 FunctionalityThe university of Wolverhampton implemented the web 2.0 engineering in larning resource Centre to maintain pupils and academic staff up to day of the month with electronic resources every bit good as portion their thoughts together through web log engineering.One of the chief findings in the rating of the web 2.0 engineering harmonizing to Jo Alcock, Wolverhampton s Learning resource Librarian, was the deficiency of consciousness and uncertainness about utilizing web 2.0 engineering. He says that ther e is a demand for protagonism of the benefits . He states that one of the barriers in utilizing web 2.0 is the opposition to alter, peculiarly among senior directors. Furthermore, he explains that implementing web 2.0 require a alteration in our civilization. Web 2.0 engineerings require a great clip to research the potency of web 2.0 in advancing instruction and acquisition. Pelgrum ( 2003 ) states that equal clip are needed for instructors to develop new accomplishments. The motive of instructors to pass clip beyond the call of responsibility is of import in utilizing engineering. Teachers have of import function to make activities to acquire pupils think about benefits of web 2.0 engineering. A figure of surveies indicate that there is correlativity between sensed easiness of usage & A percieved utility and usage of engineering ( eg Davis 1989 ) . Therefore, if instructors perceive that web 2.0 engineerings are good for advancing pupils acquisition, they are likely to utilize them in their schoolroom.Furthermore, the University of Warwick found that some pupils used the web log for societal activity while others used it for academic authorship. The pupils used the web log in different ways to run into their demands. Therefore, web 2.0 support diverse demands of personal acquisition. This different utilizations of web logs supports the possible benefits of utilizing web logs as a tool for personal acquisition.( B ) Beliefs and attitudesBrown and Adle ( 2008 ) argue that web 2.0 engineering requires a displacement in attitude towards cognition building and acquisition among the university faculty.There are some factors, which might promote and actuate instructors providing resources for instructors to utilize the tools, take parting on a regular basis in professional interaction and activities and back uping societal package activities. Harmonizing to societal cognitive theory ( Bandura, 2001 ) , the encouragement and positive feedback from others can act upon the person s belief refering the ability to success on specific undertakings. Furthermore, he states that anterior experience is a cardinal factor in utilizing technology.Teachers who knows little about utilizing societal package applications unbelievable to utilize them. On the other manus, instructors who have experience in utilizing the tools are likely to utilize them.( C ) Skills and cognitionThe instance surveies indicate that participants cognition and accomplishments are of import in the success of collaborative activities facilitated by web 2.0. Dillenbourg ( 1999 ) identified four attacks which can increase interaction among scholars. First, he argues that planing an appropriate status is of import to develop interaction among scholars, and every state of personal matters requires different status. For illustration, should the instructor organise pupils into groups or allow pupils themselves get into groups depend on different state of affairs and careful programs . Second, in a collaborative acquisition, it is of import for instructors to put up regulations for interaction for illustration everybody in the group should give his or her sentiment . Third, instructors need to supervise the interaction between pupils and supply remarks, Fourth, the instructors need to specify a clear specification of functions within coaction activities. Although the regulations and conditions are of import in order to develop interaction among scholars, single members of groups should larn and understand the demand of working in a group in order to finish their undertakings.Five hundred refinement of opennessThe success of web 2.0 engineering in instruction requires profound alterations in civilization and above all the purpose of instruction. Implementing web 2.0 engineerings besides depends on coaction and showing our thoughts freely without control. This besides requires societal encouragements and a civilization of working openly that has strategic benefi ts in instruction and acquisition.DecisionThis survey uses the illustrations of wiki and web log engineering to understand how it could be used to ease acquisition among pupils. Specifically, I study a figure of instances to understand how web 2.0 schemes can be used to back up larning in academic scenes. .The initial findings suggest that web 2.0 engineering support coaction and sharing cognition. However, implementing web 2.0 engineerings in instruction demand ( a ) careful analysis of user demands for web 2.0 engineering, ( B ) buttocks what teachers do, why do, and how they do it, ( C ) assess what instructors want to accomplish and ( D ) assess how they may be able to accomplish their aims utilizing web 2.0 engineering. Therefore, utilizing web 2.0 engineerings requires conditions new signifiers of teaching method in instruction and acquisition, promoting coaction, consistently measuring pupils demands and activities. A figure of surveies have reported that some instructors en countered with many jobs in incorporating web 2.0 engineerings in their instruction and acquisition. These jobs include minimum communicating, hapless quality contemplation on the class stuffs and so on. In reexamining many failed reform attempts in instruction, fullan ( 1993 ) concluded that the hardest job is to construct successful coaction among instructors, pupils and other professionals.

Film Study of the Blind Side

The sieve Side was based on the life of Michael Oher a teenaged African American boy whose mother was battling drug and alcohol addictions, in the projects of Memphis Tennessee. Mike as he is know in the photographic film was in foster care several quantify and always ran away to his Mother, thinking that no one could ever love him the way his Mother could, even with her ongoing addiction. Mike often slept at his fathers friends home, only when even he could not give Mike the support that he desired. He would wash his clothes in the sink at the local backwash mat, and often had to steal food from the local gas station just to survive.When his only caregiver whose couch Michael slept on every night took his own male child to a private Christian school to prove and write down him scholarship to play basketball, the coach of the basketball and football team saw Michael playing and offered to try to get him a scholarship as well. Much to the dismay of the board Coach Cotton was able to convince them to accept Mike on scholarship. In his first few weeks of attendance at Wingate Christian School Mike walked and took the bus too and from school, until Thanksgiving night a family driving home from a school play saw Mike walk home in the rain with no coat.This would be a major turning point for Michaels feelings of never being wanted or loved. The Tuohys an upper class white family saw Michael walking and Leigh Ann demanded that her economize Sean pull the car over so she could go and talk to him. Over the next several weeks the Tuohy family offered Mike a place to sleep, new and clean clothes, and a family that cared for him the way a family should. The Tuohys had 2 other children S. J an adolescent boy with a love of football and Lily also know as Collins.When friends of the Tuohys found out that Michael was living with them they were so closed-minded that they said they were worry nearly Collins well being and safety. Leigh Anne and then wanted Michael to become a permanent member of their family and obtained legal guardianship of Michael. It wasnt until then that she versed of Michaels poor grades and family situation. As they got to know Michael more and more they saw his potential and helped him make the football team, S. J was a key exercise, teaching Michael the ins and outs of everything football.In his sr. year Michaels greatness attracted the likeness of several different college football teams who wanted to offer Michael full football scholarships. They then realized that Michael had to get his GPA up in order to be able to attend college. The Tuohys then hired a private tutor elude. Sue who shared a love for Ole look across football just as big as their own. Miss. Sue helped Michael realize that he had potential for being great. During the courting between football teams, Michael had decided that he wanted to play for Ole Miss just as his adopted father had.Michael would graduate and then become involved with the N CAA investigation, where the NCAA would question his reasoning to attend Ole Miss because of donations that were given by the Tuohys over the years. In the end Michael and Miss Sue would both be attending Ole Miss, Miss. Sue as his own personal tutor. Michael Oher would then go on to be drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the first round of the draft. The film The Blind Side was both based on a on-key story, and also a book that was written by Michael Lewis in 2006. The flick was released in 2009 and quickly became a hit and an inspiration to foster children around the country.According to Michael Oher, the movie was not completely as it happened, for example S. J didnt construct to teach him the ins and outs of football, he knew everything about football before he came to live with the Tuohys. simply for the most part the movie was accurate over all. In one view Leigh Anne was having lunch with her friends at a high-end restaurant, her friends questioned her reasoning for taking Michael in with racial undertones, and inappropriate comments. I look at personally been to the Deep South and the Midwest seems to fit this role better, snooty over privileged white women with a discontinue on their shoulder.I feel as if this scene would have been more historically accurate 20 years ago, but there are racially unreactive mountain all over, some just hide their insensitiveness better than others. Another scene was where in Michaels first football game, the referees only threw flags on plays that he made, when there was no reason for a flag to be thrown. This I feel is very accurate historically, football and the South are submit in hand, and anything out of the ordinary or anything that threatens a team will not go overlooked by anyone.The referees most likely felt that Michael had an receipts over the other players just because he was African American, not knowing that a few weeks prior Michael couldnt even tackle another player, and pacify had to think tha t the person he was to tackle was a threat to his family. After reading different reviews from this film, Ive chosen two different reviews one from the capital letter Post and the other from Variety. Each review gives the movie at least 3 out of 4 stars but for different reasons. Firstly the WashingtonPost. om, they gave the movie 3 out of 4 starts, but open the review with a very negative view of the advertisements for the movie Theres been something off-putting about the ad campaign for The Blind Side, a drama about a white woman who adopts an African American high school student, from trailers trafficking in nearly every troubling African American stereotype in movies (from the Magical Negro to the surly low-level bureaucrat), to posters featuring the patronizing image of Sandra Bullock gently leading her looming, gentle giant of a son down a football field. The Washington Post feels that The Blind Side does a good job of depicting Ohers good fortunes and the Tuohys ability to c ross-racial boundaries in the Deep South. The next review from Variety. com only saw the good aspects of the movie and gave it 4 out of 4 stars. Its difficult to imagine anything that could long impede or contain the force of nature that is Leigh Anne Tuohy, the feisty Memphis belle played by Bullock with equal measures of acerbic sass, steel-willed brass and unabashed sentiment.Bullock is thoroughly convincing in the role right down to her credible accent and the blonding of her normally brown tresses and shes not afraid to occasionally keep auds guessing as to whether Leigh Anns actions are driven by a heart of gold or a whim of iron. Variety sees Leigh Anne as a loving foster/adoptive mother, who despite her social military position and her seemingly tough exterior finds it in her heart to take Michael in and accept him as one of her own.The only negative comment they have about this film is that it seems as if nothing could ever go wrong until the final part of the movie, I suppose they saw this as being slightly too optimistic in a world filled with pessimists. This film is a perfect choice as it relates so much to this class, not only does it sulk racism but also it shows that those boundaries can be thrown out completely. A white upper class family who takes in an African American boy seems like something that would be straight out of a book to cross such a deep seeded line took courage and determination on the part of the Tuohy family.They were proud of what they did and who Michael was/is as a person and didnt choose to see him as a color but as a teenage boy who needed help, their help. If ever there was a story of over coming ones background this is it. This movie is a great way to show children that people are people no matter the color of their skin, and that everyone should have a family who cares for them no matter what. This would actually be a great section to have in the textbook about transcending racial barriers, and over coming stere otypes, and its a true story to top it off.Both my wife and I watched this movie and on several occasions we both welled up, its one of those movies that just make you feel good, and make you want to do good. There were several scenes that made this movie great and choosing just a couple of them has taken careful deliberation on my part. The first scene that in truth hit me the hardest was when Big Mike was walking down a dark raining street and the Tuohys were driving home from the play on Thanksgiving, they saw him without a coat walking in the cold.Leigh Anne told her husband to stop the car and she got out to ask him where he was going and if he had a place to stay, after figuring out that he was homeless she told him to get in the car and that he was coming with them. I know there are some many kids out there whose parents simply dont care about them and they have to raise themselves, but seeing it and knowing it are two different things. I can honestly say that if I was in th is situation I would have done the same thing and I know that my wife would make sure I did.The next scene is at the end of the movie when they brought Michael to Ole Miss to start his first semester of college, Leigh Anne was too strong to ask Michael for a hug, and she didnt want him to see her cry so she gave him a nod and a slight side hug and told everyone to say their goodbyes and she walked back to their car, Michael then looked at Sean and asked him what was the matter, he replied Shes like an onion you have to peal back her layers slowly.Hearing this Michael then walked over to the car and said to her Momma, I need a proper hug. . This is the one scene that got me to well up, I know how it feels to want to show a softer side but not have the courage to show it. I face this on a casual basis with my two sons, so to see someone being so exposed and vulnerable was a perfect way to end this movie. I really do think that this movie is a perfect learning tool for children to show them that color is just something your eyes see, it has nothing to do with whats on the inside.

Is It a Threat of Terrorism?

It is my dream to live in a world w here(predicate) no country on Earth requires a military to cling to its citizens from invasion, but like most Utopian fantasies, such a world will never exist. As the leader of the free world, America has built up a huge military to protect the nations interests, its allies, and its way of life for its people. After the apprehension attacks on September 11, 2001, and our senseless invasion of 2 Islamic countries, the nation is still engaged in war to prevent Islamic extremist attacks.In recent years, public officials in the United States and terrorism analysts here and abroad have warned of an increasing threat of Muslim homegrown terrorist attacks. The terrorist attacks in Madrid in 2004 and in London in 2005 perpetrated by European homegrown terrorists have contributed to these concerns, as has the surge in terrorist-related arrests in the United States in 2009 and 2010. A closer look at the evidence, however, reveals that the threat of Islami c extremist sweet in lethal attacks in the United States has been frequently overstated.Since 1985 at that place has been 3,178 deaths resulting from Islamic terrorist attacks including the 2,977 Americans casualties on 9/11. However, the number of American casualties resulting from Islamic extremism is falling drastically with precisely 28 Americans killed by Islamic Extremist since the 2001 terror attacks. Terrorist plots by American Muslims atomic number 18 not growing in sophistication, and terrorists capacities to acquire skills from overseas training atomic number 18 limited.In addition, contrary to concerns that so-called lone wolves will increasingly attempt terrorist attacks that are difficult to foil, there have been only two shootings in the United States by American Muslims since September 11, 2011, despite a significant propaganda effort by leaders of Al-Qaida encouraging such attacks. The Islamophobes (people with irrational fear of Islamic people) conduct that I slam is intrinsically a terrorist religion. The proof? Well, just about every terrorist attack is Islamic, they retort. Unfortunately for them, that is not true.More like six percent. Using their defunct logic, these Islamophobes can straightway conclude that nearly all acts of terrorism are committed by Hispanics. Let them dare say it. They could not it would be political and social self-annihilation to say such a thing. Most Americans would shut down such talk as bigoted yet, similar statements continue to be said of Islam, without both repercussions. The war on terror focuses on groups loosely affiliated with the Al Qaeda terrorist network, but it turns out that Islamic extremists do not pose the sterling(prenominal) threat to America according to numerous reports.One report from the Department of Homeland Security states that the biggest threat to America, its people, and government is actually from Latinos. Latino terrorist spew out acts of terror on American soil every day . According to the Los Angeles Times, these terrorist also control over 90% of all the drugs that enter the United States. Latino gang emphasis has resulted in a shocking number of casualties. Over 2,199 innocent American lives have been lost since 2007 due to kidnappings, sex trafficking, and horrendous murders, committed by Latino Terrorist.These facts might throw you for a total paradigm in your thoughts, but what if I also told you that Latinos account for over 42% of all acts of terror on United States soil since 1985? The Islamophobes live in a fantasy world where everyone is supposedly too politically correct to criticize Islam and Muslims. Numerous people are critical of Muslims butcan you imagine the reaction if I said that Latinos should be profiled because after all they are the ones who commit the most terrorism in the country. Islamophobes always live in mortal fearor rather, they try to makeyoufeel that way.Do not be fooled, break the spellbinding ideology of Islamoph obes. I am sure that you do not live in constant fear of radicalized Latinos even though they commit seven times more acts of terrorism than Islamic extremist in America. Why then are you constantly fearful over Islamic radicals? The time has come where we can finally enlistment our fear of Islamic extremist, and focus our attention more frequently on the Latino terrorist If Islamic extremist had half of a brain they would have effectiveness to be dangerous but for now, they are no different then automated bots, with pre-programmed information and beliefs.They are taught at early ages that the West is their enemy and that there is no higher appraisal then dying for Allah through acts of terror and suicide. Ignorance breeds ignorance. What we must do is teach the United States citizens the truth about terrorism. Nobody is locution that Islamic terrorism is not a matter of concern, but it is grossly exaggerated.

Ms hall

I have read your summary regarding your current challenge with changing tradeing trends and the upcoming renewal of your 5 year rivet with a large quick service restaurant. You have had a long and profitable family relationship with this international fast food company and this relationship has been an Important part of your firms growing. While you do face some obstacles, there are solutions to overcome these. foremost hand and most Importantly lets point out and discuss the problems you face.First the market trend issue The marketing trend challenge you currently face is a decline in the sale of kid meals. With technology advancing kids no longer value the toys you market. In addition, child obesity and health problems are receiving great attention in the media and the threat of advertising regulations is increasing, these regulations are already in place in Europe. Your manufacturing costs in China have gone up 40% due to an increase in raw material costs and export tariff s. And to top it off the overall time to market these toys is lengthy.Last and most grievous your team has been ineffective in addressing these market trends, and working collectively to resolve these Issues. Renewing this contract and maintaining relationship Is important to your firm. Are you assuming the USSR wants to renew the contract and do they want toys? Is your firm prepared to take on this large account at this time? These are 3 recommendations to help you. Restructure of your boldness this should be through with(p) prior to renewing the contract, ask the USSR for extension of contract renewal.Re evaluate and define your mission and goals. Establishing an innovation team or a R and D department. Teams and managers should have regular meetings with an agenda to implement your business strategy, advance communication and use critical thinking as a method to problem solving. Ineffective teams and quality assurance and Improvement should be monitored regularly to address f uture problems. A facilitator may be helpful to gulled the teams decision making dish up during meetings.You may have employee resistance and cost and there allow for be cost and time to train and recruit managers, but this must be done to endure success in your firm. Establish a technology based company relationship to market new products/incentives and incorporate into your marketing. Examples Tunes, Apple APS, Play station, Mineshaft, gage Stop, are a few technology ideas you can work with to offer new products or incentives in your marketing. The incentives should be correlated with some type of powerful choice the USSR offers. An example of this would be vegetables or fruit as part of the happy meal.Incorporating the product into a healthy choice will also improve the public and media perception of your organization and demonstrates your flexibility for new innovative ideas that adjust to market trends moving towards health and wellness. Move manufacturing to domestic locat ion- you can respond to the market quicker, avoid Import and export tariffs, and Increase positive media volleyball by supplying more Jobs In the U. S. You an contract or set up your confess manufacturing plant to supply your other accounts that use toys and incorporate your new products into production.With and provide Jobs to low income workers and or migrant workers. You can publicize these new opportunities for Jobs and community growth to improve media visibility. One drawback to this would be time. You will have to establish resources and connections to build or contract a manufacturing plant. In conclusion I think you will find these solutions effective with some drawbacks but in the long run will help your organization thrive and adjust to the demanding changes of the future.

Unit Assignment

Theory of vocational Types. This approach gives explicit upkeep to behavioral style or personalisedity types as the major figure out in biography natural selection development. The following is a transcript of my question with Mr.. Clubber movement 1 . ) In what ways do you interpret into conside ration the persons climb on, culture, and family structure when reaching with individuals in subsequently life? Mr.. Clubber Depending upon the age gap an individuals dialogue lead be guarded ground on maturity or the miss thereof. In addition, their age provide determine their likes and dislikes.An individuals culture and family structure shapes the moral fiber of their exis tennerce. Therefore, each conversation should be tailored based on age, and culture which drives the facilitators conversation with the individual. Question 2. ) What, if any, atomic number 18 the challenges you hind end range when working with individuals by the later items of their lives? Mr.. Cl ubber The challenges that I encounter With individuals during their later years are their mind inculcate the body to do wholeness thing however their physical abilities prevents the probability. This depresses the individual.Also, they are concerned as to if they acquit been a good father, sustain or friend. An another(prenominal) question previously asked was Have they completed everything thats undeniable to prevent them from being a burden to their family? They tend to blame themselves for previous transgression and time muddled during their y let onh. Lastly, they are sadden by frequent finales. Question 3. ) What, if any, are the challenges you can set when working with individuals who are coming to the end of their lives? Mr.. Clubber coming to grip that they will no longer be around to enrapture love ones. TheyOften wonder if they get done their very best and request validation. Some become savage imagining what will happen to their personal items and the fear of the unknown. Question 4. ) How did you choose to make the anguisher decision to work with this commonwealth? Mr.. Clubber I chose this vocation because I enjoy working with people. Death is also a actuate of living. Providing feedback and assistance during bereavement, although ifs very sad, gives me the probability to encourage those individuals that are encountering the inevi prorogue. Question 5. ) What are some of the rewards that you can identify room working with this population? Mr..Clubber The reward for working with this population is to provide encouragement and to prove that beau ideal is able to bring them out of any circumstance and bridge the gap between death and life. Question 6. ) Can you percent career advice to pertly professed(prenominal)s thinking rough working with this population? Mr.. Clubber Never final payment anything personal. If you do not arouse a heart to serve, you should not become a part of the ministry. A ministers contri scarceion sho uld not be based on his knowledge or financial status but his willingness to extend himself to others. Question 7. What is the assist that you use to mensurate for elder abuse and disrespect?Mr.. Clubber I assess elder abuse by engaging conversation and listening to the elder. Hoover & Polios, 2014 suggest that elder mistreatment includes intentional or neglectful acts by a caregiver or trusted person that harm a vulnerable older person. And it can occur in a variety of settings. They go on to imply that one out of 10 older adults experience some form of abuse or neglect by a caregiver each year, and the incidence is expected to increase. In addition, the challenges of working with individuals in this stage of life includes guiding these individuals through the stages of grief affected by pending deaths.On the flip side, the reward is law-abiding how the individual or families mess with this emotion and observing the contrastive resiliency and/ or coping methods displayed b y individuals and family members. Moreover, since prior research suggests that the opportunity for increased elder abuse is concluded that family members should take an active absorb into the treatment of family elders by care givers but more importantly, question and listen to our elders about their treatment. Furthermore, Mr..Clubber was able to share an additional insight during this query in that death is a part of living and you havent lived until you have experienced death and death should be celebrated just as we celebrate the beginning of a new life. From a professional perspective, this interview demonstrated the importance of being familiar with the different stages individuals and families experience when face with later stages of life including death. This in turn will position time to come mental health counselors to conk out guide themselves and clients when acing elder hood.Part 2 Connection to My Experiences From a family and personal perspective, we were raised to believe that dying is a small event that occurs at the end of life. It is a process that we must experience. This sentiment is rooted in our religious culture and belief that Jesus Christ die for our sins and that death leads to the joining of God who has vigilant an subsequentlylife with him in heaven. My professional trade is a Radiology Technologist. And for twenty-five years, I have observed many families grieving after love ones die within the hospitals where was employed.Even though I felt empathy in those situations, nothing compared to the grief that was experienced by myself and family members when our oldest sister passed. It was especially difficult for myself since the donation of a kidney to her ten years earlier. During this time, I observed each family member grieve every process that has been covered in this course. However, also witnessed the matriarch of our family my nonplus who had the resiliency in keeping our family together. When comparing death to ot her cultures much(prenominal) as Islam, a Moslem wife for instance, is only allowed to regret ere husband for 4 months and 10 days.The Muslims are allowed to mourn anyone dying other than a spouse, for 3 days only. So when a woman loses her husband, no matter how painful the death is, the devout Muslim must say only Nina Lila WA Nina Allah ration This means to Allah we belong and to him is our return. . (How to bang 2014) In contrast to western beliefs, there is no time table for how long individuals may mourn an individuals death Many themes are found across cultures and pietys. One such(prenominal) pervasive theme was that beliefs about the soul of the deceased lead families to reform rituals and ceremonies that fostered a passage to God, the light, or another life.The stronger their beliefs, the more sacred the family is in completing the rituals and ceremonies in the way dictated by their religion or culture. (Lobar & Youngest, Verboten 2006) ethnical knowledge will be use ful in work as a counselor because it gives the future counselor an understanding that individuals are different and with that difference comes a different culture belief wherefore your own. Therefore, different techniques may need to be utilized when working with clients.Unit AssignmentTheory of Vocational Types. This approach gives explicit attention to behavioral style or personality types as the major influence in career choice development. The following is a transcript of my interview with Mr.. Clubber Question 1 . ) In what ways do you take into consideration the persons age, culture, and family structure when working with individuals in later life? Mr.. Clubber Depending upon the age gap an individuals conversation will be guarded based on maturity or the lack thereof. In addition, their age will determine their likes and dislikes.An individuals culture and family structure shapes the moral fiber of their existence. Therefore, each conversation should be tailored based on a ge, and culture which drives the facilitators conversation with the individual. Question 2. ) What, if any, are the challenges you can identify when working with individuals through the later stages of their lives? Mr.. Clubber The challenges that I encounter With individuals during their later years are their mind instruct the body to do one thing however their physical abilities prevents the opportunity. This depresses the individual.Also, they are concerned as to if they have been a good father, mother or friend. Another question previously asked was Have they completed everything thats required to prevent them from being a burden to their family? They tend to blame themselves for previous transgression and time lost during their youth. Lastly, they are sadden by frequent deaths. Question 3. ) What, if any, are the challenges you can identify when working with individuals who are coming to the end of their lives? Mr.. Clubber Coming to grip that they will no longer be around to e njoy love ones. TheyOften wonder if they have done their very best and request validation. Some become bitter imagining what will happen to their personal items and the fear of the unknown. Question 4. ) How did you choose to make the career decision to work with this population? Mr.. Clubber I chose this profession because I enjoy working with people. Death is also a part of living. Providing feedback and assistance during bereavement, although ifs very sad, gives me the opportunity to encourage those individuals that are encountering the inevitable. Question 5. ) What are some of the rewards that you can identify room working with this population? Mr..Clubber The reward for working with this population is to provide encouragement and to prove that God is able to bring them out of any circumstance and bridge the gap between death and life. Question 6. ) Can you share career advice to new professionals thinking about working with this population? Mr.. Clubber Never take anything per sonal. If you do not have a heart to serve, you should not become a part of the ministry. A ministers contribution should not be based on his knowledge or financial status but his willingness to extend himself to others. Question 7. What is the process that you use to assess for elder abuse and neglect?Mr.. Clubber I assess elder abuse by engaging conversation and listening to the elder. Hoover & Polios, 2014 suggest that elder mistreatment includes intentional or neglectful acts by a caregiver or trusted person that harm a vulnerable older person. And it can occur in a variety of settings. They go on to allude that one out of 10 older adults experience some form of abuse or neglect by a caregiver each year, and the incidence is expected to increase. In addition, the challenges of working with individuals in this stage of life includes guiding these individuals through the stages of grief affected by pending deaths.On the flip side, the reward is observing how the individual or fami lies deal with this emotion and observing the different resiliency and/ or coping methods displayed by individuals and family members. Moreover, since prior research suggests that the opportunity for increased elder abuse is concluded that family members should take an active interest into the treatment of family elders by care givers but more importantly, question and listen to our elders about their treatment. Furthermore, Mr..Clubber was able to share an additional insight during this interview in that death is a part of living and you havent lived until you have experienced death and death should be celebrated just as we celebrate the beginning of a new life. From a professional perspective, this interview demonstrated the importance of being familiar with the different stages individuals and families experience when faced with later stages of life including death. This in turn will position future mental health counselors to better guide themselves and clients when acing elder hood.Part 2 Connection to My Experiences From a family and personal perspective, we were raised to believe that dying is a small event that occurs at the end of life. It is a process that we must experience. This belief is rooted in our religious culture and belief that Jesus Christ die for our sins and that death leads to the joining of God who has prepared an afterlife with him in heaven. My professional trade is a Radiology Technologist. And for twenty-five years, I have observed many families grieving after love ones die within the hospitals where was employed.Even though I felt empathy in those situations, nothing compared to the grief that was experienced by myself and family members when our oldest sister passed. It was especially difficult for myself since the donation of a kidney to her ten years earlier. During this time, I observed each family member grieve every process that has been covered in this course. However, also witnessed the matriarch of our family my mother wh o had the resiliency in keeping our family together. When comparing death to other cultures such as Islam, a Muslim wife for instance, is only allowed to mourn ere husband for 4 months and 10 days.The Muslims are allowed to mourn anyone dying other than a spouse, for 3 days only. So when a woman loses her husband, no matter how painful the death is, the devout Muslim must say only Nina Lila WA Nina Allah ration This means to Allah we belong and to him is our return. . (How to Cope 2014) In contrast to western beliefs, there is no time table for how long individuals may mourn an individuals death Many themes are found across cultures and religions. One such pervasive theme was that beliefs about the soul of the deceased lead families to reform rituals and ceremonies that fostered a passage to God, the light, or another life.The stronger their beliefs, the more dedicated the family is in completing the rituals and ceremonies in the way dictated by their religion or culture. (Lobar & Y oungest, Verboten 2006) Cultural knowledge will be useful in work as a counselor because it gives the future counselor an understanding that individuals are different and with that difference comes a different culture belief then your own. Therefore, different techniques may need to be utilized when working with clients.

Private Prisons Essay

Oct. 18, 2001 Thesis Private prisons can be a profitable and in force(p) alternative to govern handst run Statement prisons. Private prisons ar able to be profitable by controlling the administrational cost of operating the facilities. At the same time, they must adhere to high regimenal standards to retain the right to operate.Background As a nation, we have many issues that we must face. One of those issues is the administration of the, already overcrowded, prison system. This issue is one of the most taxing problems facing our criminal justice system. According to U.S. surgical incision of umpires Bureau of Justice Statistics, the prison population at year-end 2000, on that point were 1,381,892 men and women in State or Federal prison (U.S. section of Justice). Luckily, the hugger-mugger sector has stepped up to, not only help with this problem, but also take advantage of the profitability in this venture.Evidence 1 Containing labor costs is a crucial issue of the privatiz ation movement. Approximately 70% of the costs of operating a prison go to staff salaries, fringe benefits, and overtime (Logan 2). The administration of this cost is difficult to achieve with inscribe government transactioners. In contrast, mystical institutions use nonunion and assure labor, allowing for the lowest benefit packages. With nonunion and contracted labor, government restrictions that interfere with efficient personnel management such as hiring, firing, promotion, salary setting, assignment of duties, work schedules, vacations, and overtime can be avoided. Overall, reclusive institutions contend that they can save around 15% in prison operations when labor cost is efficient handled (Logan 2).Evidence 2 Another way the private sector can control cost is that the private sector has greater flexibility in the procurement process. The private sector contractors are not bound by the same cumbersome and stiff government procurement system. Private vendors can purchase goods and profits quicker. They can maintain lower food, supplies, and equipment inventories as rise as negotiate better prices for these goods. Competition between contractors, that will supply these goods, will help take charge down costs and provide for superior service. Contract renewals are always on the lineif service becomes questionable.Evidence 3 One of the most asked questions is what happens in the case of a bear? The answer is active the same as for a government-run prison. Contracted prison guards may not have the right to strike but the absence of this right has not prevented guards from participating in strikes, sick-outs, and other job actions. At a private prison in Rhode Island, all but a few contract guards walked off their jobs. On the other hand, all but a handful of guards at New Yorks 33 state-run punitive facilities went on a strike that lasted 17 days (Logan 6). Of course, a disruption at a in camera run facility could allow the government to terminat e a contract. The threat of termination due to detriment of a contract or simply being fired from the position is a strong inducement against a strike. In any case, the National Guard and state police will provide the net backup for prison staff, be it private or humanity.Evidence 4 Another question is what happens in the case of a riot or escape? In fact, the experience of privately run prisons has been no worse off than that of the government-run facilities. Most contracts require that privately operated prisons conform to the law, rules, and regulations set down by the government. This is, at times, more tightly monitored than the government-run facilities. Keep in mind that the privately operated prison contracts will always embroil a contingency plan to deal with strikes, riots, or bankruptcy.Refutation One activist against private prisons said, private prisons cannot be as safe and secure as a government run prison they are only interested in the profits (Yeoman 284). Ac cording to report done by the Bureau of Justice Assistance from July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1995, violations per 1,000 inmates were 42.3% and deaths per 1,000 inmates were 2.9% for government facilities (Austin and Coventry 48). Compared to the private facilities, violations per 1,000 inmates were 50.5% and deaths per 1,000 inmates were 0.7% between January 1 and December 31, 1997 (Austin and Coventry 48). This would suggest that there are no more problems at a private prison then a public prison.Concluding With many investors becoming interested in the profitability of investing in the statement private prison system, there seems to be more facilities opening yearly. The government echoes the is happy with this trend, as it has enabled them to keep up with the growing prison thesis population at a reduced cost. As far as the government is concerned, the private prison statement system is a good thing, and they are here to stay.berry Yeoman, The Best Business Stories of the Year 2001 Edition, Vintage Books, New York, 2001, p. 282-296 Charles H. Logan, http//www.ucc.uconn.edu/wwwsoci/fraser.html, Prison Privatization Objections and Refutations, University of Connecticut, 1998 James Austin, Ph.D., Garry Coventry, Ph.D., http//www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/bja/181249.pdf, Emerging Issues on Privatized Prisons, U.S. part of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Washington, DC, Feb. 2000 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p00.htm, Prisoners in 2000, Aug. 12, 2001

Film Genre, Narration, Reality Tv Essay

Types of gets ar comm hardly referred to as writing styles (pronounced zahn-rahz). The backchat genre is originally French and simply means kind or type. (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 108). Genre groups adopts, which cargon standardized flickic qualities and themes, into various subsections according to the type of contain they be associated as.Various film genres are recognisable by the way they are presented and patterned or the way that they portray a certain emotion or tactile sensationing, as those of humour or horror. There is no distinct way by which we can pay back genre. Some films incorporate various aspects of diametrical genres, thus we cannot define exactly what kind of text-book definition genre it is and being that all muckle are different, a comedy to one person may be a complete bore to the next. In a sense, certain films portray their genre as a subjective opinion.Film genre, in the modern filmic humans today, is in any case really reliant on the actors that sentiency in the feature. Automatically we, as viewing audience, would associate brawn and large stature with an march film, but chance(a) films tend to meld these percentages into completely different subgenre, giving the film a very hybrid, generic feel to it.Genres are ways of providing films with the intended associations. It is a convention in which people can refer to ab initio grasp the notion of a film, for the vast publicity system that exists near filmmaking, genres are a saucer-eyed way to characterize film. In incident, reviewers are often central in gathering and crystallizing notions round genres. (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 110).Genres are helpful in the general public as they give spectrum to different people and their different tastes. It also accommodates for any mood one may be in if they wanted to watch a film. It characterizes the films and sorts them into place for the viewers pleasure, At all levels of thefilmmaking and film-viewing processes, t hen, genres help assure that most members of society share at least some general notions about the many films that compete for our attention. (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 110)Most genres share specialised genre conventions. Stereotypical maculations or certain predictable characters are expected to appear during a film of a desired genre. These are the conventions which group films into subgenres. Other than visual and audio conventions, those concerning mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, lighting and editing, genres often also make boundaries around the type of thematic notions that are presented within films.Interweaving and altering certain genres, film producers develop hybrids of genres that are incorporate mixture of different filmic techniques implemented by different genres. These subgenres, as with conventional genres are not always effective. The periods in which a genre remains popular are called cycles. (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 115). Genres can only be portrayed so many times before they become old, such as with anything else in the world.Film Narration(Researched from Film Art An Introduction by D. Bordwell and K. Thompson.)According to D. Bordwell and K. Thompson, a narration is considered to be, a chain of events in apparent movement-effect relationship occurring in time and space, (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 69), otherwise also known as a degree. The narrative of a film begins with an instance and throughout the films time and space alters in twaddle and elements in such a way that the final narration is the end product.The narrative of a film is structured in a way that we, the viewers, can identify with and understand what is going on in the film. The sequences and events are arranged in an order such that to portray the notion of a menstruation story. Causality, time and space are the governing factors behind this story or narration. The story undergoes a cause and effect,(Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 69) situation where one event v irtuosos onto another.A narrative may cue us to draw parallels among characters, settings, situations, times of day, or any other elements. (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 69) The way in which the narrative of a film is revealed can lead the viewer to make connections between certain elements in the film such as interlinking character backgrounds or settings.What the viewer sees onscreen is mechanically fed into the back of his/her mind and slowly they start tying in different aspects of a film as they are uncovered one after the other. By the actions or method of speech certain characters have in films, for example, the viewer can achieve a comprehendible understanding of the character and how he/she fits into the, sometimes social or other, hierarchy of the narrative of the film. This is a bring factor towards the plot development of a film as the characters are to have an affirmative power that the viewer should be able to understand.the films plot may contain material that is sauc y to the story world. (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004 71). D. Bordwell and K. Thompson use the example of nondiegetic intro music being a form of narrative to the story plot as it does set a pace and a mood for the story.The films plot and story are not the same thing but are closely linked in aspect. The plot mechanically uncovers a films storyline and events while the films story adds complexity and body to the film as a whole through diegesis. The Bordwell and Thompson CD-ROM addition describes diegesis to be, the world of the films story. The diegesis includes events that are presumed to have occurred and actions and spaces not shown onscreen. See also diegetic sound, nondiegetic insert, nondiegetic sound.Therefore the understanding of the films narration will have a different, more in depth meaning to someone like the director as opposed to the viewer. Thus it is the directors duty to arrange the narrative in such a way that it would portray a desired notion or motivation through t he way it is presented.Causality, time and space are the overall key factors governing the convergence of film narration. Precise sequencing and technical usage of these three elements is what brings about a good story narrative. populace T.V(Researched from InfoTrac Onefile online journal.)The experimental condition reality TV was first coined in the USA, and was used to describe television programmes based on film footage from police forces and the emergency services, usually featuring dramatic car chases and accidents. (Joan Garrod, 2004).Reality is a rather freshly and very different hybrid of television genres that are encountered daily. It totally abolishes the rules and regulations of standard acting and filming procedures. Whereas other forms of televisual pleasure make use of camera and acting synchronisation, reality television goes one step ahead to cut this congruency and allow the action and camera to work individually creating a, once-unnatural, different form of f ilmic entertainment.The main reason viewers give for their interest in reality TV is that it is not as predictable and formulaic as mainstream television dramas and sit-coms. (Mark Andrejevic, 2004). This factor is what binds viewers to their television sets when a untested hit reality show is broadcast. The fact that this stream of entertainment is still rather new and unpredictable, viewers become completely absorbed and over-obsessed with their new favourite show, 13 million people in the UK watched the final of Im a honorGet Me Out of Here. (Joan Garrod, 2004). That is a colossal quantity of viewers for the UK alone.Reality television it considered by some to be an insult to their intelligence. It requires no previous acting skills at all and has the habit of creating stars well-nigh as popular as ones we would find in our everyday Hollywood films, Here, in short, are people becoming famous fordoing nothing much at all, but doing it where everyone can see them. (Salmon Rushdie , 2004). It is easy to tick off why various media critics are insulted by this form of television entertainment. They are coming from backgrounds with the art of media has been accomplished to such a fine point that an entertainment of this nature would be, just plainly, unacceptable.Certain critics have do note that reality TV, as well as having negative repercussions on the viewers, have negative repercussions on the participants as well. participants become psychologically weakened and more easily manipulated, and are thus more devoted to be subject to the authority of the producers. (S. Brenton and R. Cohen, 2003). Many participants often enter a distressed state and, invariably, go forth the show early.Mark Andrejevic, a Colorado PhD student, goes on to find other aspects of reality TV that are beside the norm. He states that because the participants, in reality TV, are real people, more and more viewers are adapting to identifying with them as opposed to acted characters in conventionally produced film. He also states that reality TV is a new advancement in televisual interaction. It gives the viewers the option to choose how they would like the ending to happen. This is silly however, as what would be the point of watching a reality series in the first place?Reality TV is a diverse and upcoming television genre in the future. Critics predict it to be around still for an extensive amount of time. So many ideas and manipulations from real life can be brought into action on the screen and we, as mindless, malleable viewers, will eat up all the Americanised filth that is brain-fed to us through our television sets an unhappy ending to a debatably unhappy story.BibliographyDavid Bordwell & Kristin Thompson, (2004) Film Art An Introduction, The McGraw-Hill Companies New York. P 69, 71, 108, 110, 115David Bordwell & Kristin Thompson, (2004) Film Art An Introduction, The McGraw-Hill Companies New York CD-ROM attachment.Joan Garrod (2004). Author of news a rticle, What is reality TV and why do we like it? Sociology Review journal, Feb 2004 v13 i3 p14(3) S. Brenton and R. Cohen (2003) Shooting People adventures in reality TV, Verso. Mark Andrejevic (2004)Salmon Rushdie (2004)